Criminal Justice System Chapter Summary

The Criminal Justice system, created by governments in order to make sure that no laws are being violated and to penalize individuals that violate the laws. In the United States there are many criminal justice systems. Each system works based on their jurisdiction. For example; city, county, federal or state. Every jurisdiction is different. They all have different ways of regulating certain processes. They also have their own laws. In the criminal justice system there are two main systems; state and federal. These two systems consists of five parts; corrections, courts, prosecution, law enforcement, and defense attorneys. Each of these five parts hold an extremely important role. Prosecutions consist of prosecutors who are lawyers the represent

The criminal justice system in the United States has traditionally operated under two fundamentally different theories. One theory is the Crime Control Model. This theory is characterized by the idea that criminals should be aggressively pursued and crimes aggressively punished. The other theory is the Due Process Model. This theory is characterized by the idea that the rights of the accused need to be carefully protected in any criminal justice investigation. (Levy, 1999)

The Fourteenth Amendment accomplished three important things in terms of providing equal protection of the laws. These three things, which are found in Sections 1 and 5, were providing a definition of citizenship, declaring what protections states were required to give to their citizens, and giving the federal government broad power to take action against states that did not provide the necessary protections to their citizens.

The 14th amendment is an amendment about civil rights and liberties. In the 14th amendment, it talks about equal protection of the law for all people no matter what race, religion age gender economic status or anything else it also states that due process and equal protection must be enforced at state levels too.The 14th amendment was created in an effort to end discrimination. In theory the 14th amendment sounds wonderful and very effective however in real world situations the 14th amendment and bill of rights are not as effective as they were thought to be. This is evident through many things a few these are inequalities that are still present (document 1,4), still favored rich over the poor(document 3) and still does not show equal protection for all races (document 5).

The 14th Amendment was added to the Constitution in order to guarantee equal treatment and to forbid any state to deny someone the right to receive a fair chance with issues of life, property and due process. (p 30). Today, the 14th Amendment continues to represents as one of the most historically significant building blocks to our nation's democracy. It still symbolizes our country's promise that everybody is created equally under the law regardless of gender, race, orientation or nationality. The relevance of the 14th Amendment outlined in the United States Constitution shapes the origin and growth of our nation.

The 14th amendment, amongst other things, describes exactly who and what a “citizen” is and what “citizenship” is in the U.S., something that the constitution lacks in description. For most practical purposes the

The fourteenth amendment has been and still is the most important amendment in the Constitution. It has been instrumental in improving the rights of citizens and has been used to litigate many landmark supreme court cases; it has been referred to in more court case than any other amendment. written into law on July 9, 1868, the fourteenth amendment grants citizenship to everyone born or naturalized in the United States. Furthermore, it bars states from denying any person life, liberty, or property, without due process of law or to deny to any person within its authority the equal protection of the law.

The fourteenth amendment is said to be complex that guaranteed citizen rights, privileges and immunities of citizenship, due process and equal protection. The constitution

Within the Criminal Justice system, comes a structure of both practices as well as organizations that main role is to uphold not only social jurisdiction, but to discourage and diminish criminal activity. The Criminal Justice system also sanctions those who violate the laws of the land with penalties and reintegration of the criminals into society. In the United States, our policy has been guided by the 1967 President 's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which issued a ground-breaking report 'The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society ' (President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice [Presidents Commission], 1967).

The Fourteenth Amendment is one of the three Amendment made after the Civil War. It granted African-Americans the right to citizenship in the United States of America. This Amendment is made up of five parts. Starting with the first part, no one can be robbed of their property, life, or liberty and legally everyone has equal protection. This part of the amendment applies to citizens unless a law or trial is present to overturn those rights. The second part is Representatives in Congress are determined based on the number of people living in the states. The third part focuses on preventing anyone working in the government to be allowed to participate in insurrection or a rebellion against the United States. In part four of

“The Fourteenth Amendment addresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens. The most commonly used -- and frequently litigated -- phrase in the amendment is “equal protection of the laws" (Legal Information Institute, 2016)

The three components of the American criminal justice system are the police, courts, and corrections. These components operate independently of one another and maintain different goals, histories, and operating procedures (Neubauer & Fradella, 2017). There are two commonly accepted models of the criminal justice system, the crime control model and due process model. These two models vary at the basic level, the crime control model aims to protect society at all costs while the due process model protects the rights of individual citizens (Neubauer & Fradella, 2017). Americas criminal justice system is plagued with multiple issues that drive a wedge between the people and the criminal justice system, such as inconsistencies within the law,

The technological advancement era that has marred the 21st century has seen heightened increased surveillance and proactive crime investigations. Such growth has seen positive legislative moves that have allowed the use of telecommunication gadgets in monitoring trends of criminal activities and criminal gangs[footnoteRef:1]. Most commonwealth nation which United Kingdom is a member have since passed and enacted laws that provide some sort of immunities and exemptions for officers that may violate laws in the process of administering their works. [1: G. Marx, Undercover—Police Surveillance in America (University of California Press: Berkeley, 1988); and C. Fijnaut and G. Marx (eds.), Undercover—Police Surveillance

The Fourteenth Amendment mentions the immunities and privileges of an American citizen and how the State cannot enforce a law abridging it. It also states that the State cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, and property without due process of law.

The justice system is need of finding an effective process that works best for society and handles the crime being committed. The goal of the United States justice system is to protect individuals from injustice and maintain social order. (Perron, 2001).The crime control model is used to make sure those who commit crime are held responsible and society is given justice. The crime control model focuses on setting aside guidelines for every citizen to follow. The crime control model was developed by the late Herbert Packer, and began its use in the late 1900’s. This model focuses on swift arrest, prosecution, and conviction of criminals. Individuals whom agree with the crime control model believe if the swift prosecution and conviction of a criminal is not done then we leading to