Criminal Victimization : Lifetime Prevalence, Reporting, And Psychological Impact

The unanticipated declines in rates of violent crimes in the United States caught many policymakers and researchers off guard. From 1991 to 1997, murder rates declined in five of the six years and robbery rates declined in all six years. Murder rates dropped by 30.6% and robbery by 31.8%. Rape rates fell by 15.1% and aggravated assault rates by 11.8%. This decline was one of the most substantial police and researchers had seen.”

Crime is an unfortunate part of many people’s lives - both for the victim of the crime and also the suspect. There are many theories as to why crimes happen, who commits the crimes, and why crimes happen to certain people. Not all crimes can be solved, or questions answered but these theories give a peek into the thinking or background behind some crimes that are committed.

Sexual assault is a major issue in the world we live in today. The punishment that people get is never what they actually deserve.There has been all kinds of crime rates for sexual offence all over the world. Surveys in the United States have proven that one of every six women has experienced an attempt of rape or even a completed rape experience. Many women who are sexually assaulted are assaulted by men that they know,or has came into contact with. Women are rarely going to report that they have been raped when they know the asaultiant. With this being said there are alot of cases that are under reported. In this essay i will argue the many reasons why women are afraid to report a sexual assault crime made against them.

According the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Report and the contrasting Department of Justice’s National Crime Victimization Survey, both reports show a steady reduction in violent crimes over the past two decades. Both reports are released annually and are comprised of statistical data of reported crime or victimization surveys of sample populations from across the country (Karmen, 2016). Though the information contained in both reports as statistically accurate as possible, a figurative spin can be placed on the information and data can be skewed to misrepresent the true picture of crime, so according to (Karmen, 2016), all statistical data but be viewed with some scientific scrutiny. Even though the data from both annual

been accompanied by increasing number of total crimes as well as all crimes per million households. Moreover, despite increase in domestic federal spending in 1987 dollars increased from 150 billion in 1960 to 720 billion in 1992, crime rate--crimes per 10,000 population--in the United States increased from 189 in 1960 to 566 in 1992. From about 1975, a sharp increase in incarceration from about 100 per 100,000 population around 1975 in the United States led to more than 400, a historically unprecedented level, by 1995.(Chennareddy 136).

Research and theories often have an undertone, if not blatantly describing the male offender. However, there is another gender, that also participates in criminal behavior. Although the violent female offender is not as prevalent as violent male offender, reason being women and men have different triggers that create the outward violent behavior. The violent behavior shown by male offenders some time is motivated by money, sexual desires, and possibly power. Women, however have other way of obtaining money or satisfying sexual desires that don’t include violent behavior and sometimes not even criminal behavior. Women by nature are nurturing and in general don’t pursue power in the way that the male offender does. Women typically commit violent

In a perfect world, there would be no such word as “crime”. Unfortunately, a perfect world is not one that exists, and may never exist. Crime can be generalized as any illegal activity that infringes upon another beings personal rights and/or property. However, there is immeasurable ambiguity in which the types of crime that occur are measured, as there are countless types of different crime. When policy makers are gathering statistics on the crime that occurs in order to create policy to systematically solve them, they often cannot be as efficient as they would like. The Government Accountability Office addressed the collection of crime data and statistics in their report upon “Actions Needed to Improve Clarity and Address Differences Across Federal Data Collection Efforts”, regarding sexual violence data

Assault is viewed all over as a genuine, brutal wrongdoing, yet it is inconceivably under-reported in all locations. The under-reporting of this wrongdoing is the consequence of various reasons that are identified with the courses in which assault is seen and denied. The perceptions take the type of particular origination of assault , and also the general procedure of sex role socialization that helps our distinguishing specific goes about as assault. Members from National Crime and-exploitation Survey information are much similar to victims of other vicious violations . The data collected show that the circumstance qualities of assault, and components that impact an assault reporting choice, vary by sex. Though men neglect to report assault

Since the 1930’s the Uniform Crime Reports on the amount criminal behavior among individuals throughout the United States to the FBI. These reports range from murder, rape, robbery, assault to burglary and more that have been reported to the police. Police will then make reports on all the crimes they have collected over a period of time and send them to the FBI for statistical purposes. Unfortunately, youth are often part of these reports. “Youth crime is widespread in U.S. society. The number of victimization discovered is much higher than the number of offenses reported to the police” (Bartollas & Miller, 2014, p.28). This is because again many times family’s keep these incidents to themselves and do not report to the police when youth are

Crime is measured through statistics in England and Wales through the crime survey (CSEW)and police recorded crime data. (Ons.gov.uk, 2017) The crime survey is conducted on victims of crime aged 16 years and over. However, from 2009 victims aged between 10 and 15 years have participated in a separate survey and this allows to see trends of crime, which can help policy makers to implement crime prevention in targeted areas (Crimesurvey.co.uk, 2017). The CSEW has been complying the survey for over 30 years now and covers crimes that are not reported to police, from a sizeable nationwide sample. Therefore, shows consistent data of continuing trends in crime (Crimesurvey.co.uk, 2017). One example, that the crime

The person they attack is often a person who is familiar, like family, in other words someone who is easily dominated . In addition, about two thirds of the victims are linked to the female killer by family or close relation . Female predators choose prey who easily submits – either sick, old, helpless or young. She keeps a low profile and stays covert, acting as the victim. She won’t

Since 1970, there has been an increasing and alarming rise 138 percent of violent crimes committed by women. Still, while the equivalent percentage compared to male violence is small 15 percent to 85 percent the fact that the numbers have elevated so drastically points to something changing in society.

Most of the incidents involving physical abuse have been attributed to an individual’s gender expression or identity. Further, there are other instances whereby victims have suffered institutional discrimination based on their gender identity through denial of employment, health care, or discrimination by a doctor. In the criminal justice system, women and girls are usually seen as victims rather than offenders. While women make up a minority of offenders, they represent majority of the violent crime

One of the social reactions to crime that most interests criminologists is public fear of victimization. Though less tangible than some reactions to crime fear of crime exemplifies the enormous multiplier effect that attaches to criminal victimization. Whereas a single serious crime in a neighborhood (e.g., a rape)may have but one direct victim, news of the crime may provoke fear among hundreds if not thousands of persons who learn of the event through social networks or the mass media. In fact, only a small proportion of Americans will actually become victims of serious crime each year, but the number who experience fear of victimization is by no means so small These indirect victims of crime are too often overlooked

Eighty five to ninety percent of the world’s convicted murderers are men. That means that around only one in ten are women. This figure should feel startling, but doesn’t – after all, aren’t men the more violent sex? Bear in mind, though, that over two thirds of all murder victims are men. In 2011, men were murdered at the rate of more than once a day. Men are more likely to become involved in gangs, drug related violence and street crime – but also more likely to be victims of it. While that probably isn’t likely to shock you at all, this might. In the years of 2011/2012, 40% of spousal murders in the United States were perpetrated by women. In the same year, more than 800,000 men were victims of domestic abuse. Now, the obvious question to ask is why domestic violence against men is underreported, and largely ignored by the general media. The answer always starts with the victim.