Criminology : Criminal Justice System

What is criminology? Criminology is the scientific study of the extent, nature, causes, and control of criminal behavior in individuals, and in society. Criminology is an ` sociologists, (particularly in the sociology of deviance), social anthropologists, and psychologists, as well as on writings in law. Areas of research in criminology include the incidence, forms, causes, and consequences of crime, as well as social and governmental regulations, and reaction to crime. For studying the distribution, and causes of crime, criminology mainly relies upon quantitative methods. The term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law

Criminology is the study the origin, extent, and criminal behavior including factors and causes of crime. College students that follow Criminology as a career, learn about different types of crime and how public responds to crime. This field focuses more in the psychology and ideology of a criminal (Criminology 2010). Criminology always is trying to solve the

Violence in the criminal justice system is often tied to the military structure of police organizations. In such organizations officers are discouraged from providing input on how to perform in their jobs. Violent confrontations between police and citizens in particular have been targeted with corrective measures (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2011). The field of criminal justice is meant to support the provision of justice, however, when violence perpetuated by criminal justice officers is present, justice is precluded. Herein, the various forms of police violence will be explored, prefaced by a consideration of criminal justice administration that highlights the growing burden of responsibility being placed upon police

The Criminal Justice System is made out of three distinct foundations: Law Enforcement, Criminal Courts and Correctional Agencies. The fundamental purpose behind these organizations is to uphold criminal laws that are situated forward to protect all individuals in our society. These organizations cooperate to anticipate wrongdoings, and keep up justice by implementing the laws, guidelines and regulations put forward by society.

The goal of this paper is to analyze if the criminal justice system, as it is constructed today, is doing enough to punish and to deter crime. It will also look to see if there is deterrent in punishment at all. To do this there are a number of theories that should be examined. This includes the following Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, and lastly the positivist theory. The deterrence theory is a very basic, but overlapping theory to all of the others. We learn that at a very early age that reward vs cost is a critical thing to weigh when making decisions. This carries over to the decision to commit a crime and not to commit a criminal act. The rational choice theory states that human beings are decision making creatures. This theory would subscribe to the idea that the tougher the punishment, the higher the cost. The higher the cost, the likelihood of an individual committing a crime would drop. The positivist theory subscribes to the opposite of the rational choice theory. Under this school of thought individuals with lower intelligence or lacking social status do not have the same ability to make a rational choice when it comes to the ability to make a choice to, or not to, commit a crime.

In order for the Criminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical and Positivist perspectives.

The criminal justice system is composed of three dominant component. Legislative, which is used to create laws, Adjudication, which deals with the courts and Corrections, which includes jails, prisons, parole and probation. For a criminal or defendant to be apprehended and be put into sections of the criminal justice system they first must be seized. The first contact of the criminal justice system and a defendant is usually with the police. Police are involved in law enforcement which investigates the suspects lawlessness and then concludes to make an arrest, which takes away that defendant's liberty. The second contact of the criminal justice system is the courts, which serves as a venue in which a criminal or civil case must be heard.

The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is directly involved in prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing people suspected of crime or convicted of felony offenses. The criminal justice system is made of three major components; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All have subcomponents that work together in order for the system to function properly and maintain order. The three major components have big backgrounds that lead up to the way they function now.

South Africa’s criminal justice system has some of the same attributes as the United States criminal justice system. Once thing that make South Africa’s criminal justice system unique is they use a court system that is base off of Roman-Dutch law. Roman-Dutch law is a system that is produced from an early modern Dutch law that chiefly of Germanic origin and Roman civil law (Lee & Cowen, 2012).

According to Cesare Beccaria, crimes occur when the potential pleasure and rewards from illegal acts outweigh the pains of punishment. Otherwise known as the classical school of criminology. The positivist school of criminology founded by Cesare Lombroso believed that criminals were born with traits and did not commit crimes on free will, as the classical school of criminology would suggest. Both schools of criminology impacted the criminal justice system that we live currently and that have occurred in the past. These two ways of thinking have very few, if any, similarities but their differences are more obvious.

Criminology is defined as the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior. Due to the non-ending threat of crime, violence and even terror threats, criminology has gained in popularity as an academic field of study. Criminology is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. {Larry Siegel, Criminology Theories, patterns & Typologies, 2004.}

One of the main objectives for the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as a whole. The Criminal Justice System is focusing on the formal response to crime and is used with special regulations in different countries. In England and Wales ‘it is used to describe the institutions and agencies

Based on those statistics, it's safe to believe that Norway's criminal justice system is doing something right. The few citizens that go to prison usually only go once. How does Norway achieve this? The country relies on a method called "restorative justice," which aims to repair the harm caused by crime rather than punish people. This system is purely focused on rehabilitating prisoners. The United States, on the other hand, places focus on incarceration and incapacitation. This is where the methodologies clash: should the criminal justice system be responsible for rehabilitating its citizens? The Norwegian government certainly thinks so. They accomplish their goal through a system of normalcy; “for Norway, removing people's freedom is

Victims usually adopt a subsidiary role in the courts, compared to the accused or offender (Booth, 2016). Victim-focused law reforms are open to many jurisdictions throughout Australia, and majority of systems which follow the adversarial nature of proceedings (Garkawe, 2007). The justice system aims to enforce a therapeutic structure, however, in some instances this fails to be upheld for the victim. In a sentencing hearing, an offender’s mitigating factors may reduce their sentence, therefore providing the offender with more rehabilitative issuances. Whereas victims have little to no influence over the outcome of the sentencing hearing. Victim impact statements (VIS) act as a victim-focused law reform in the sentencing

Criminal Justice, in simple words, is a part of the judicial system that is in charge of applying the law and punishing those who break it by incurring in acts of crime. It is based on the investigation of facts that lead us to the crimes that were committed. Investigating and researching are the most important part of Criminal Justice because these allow us to find the evidence we are looking for in every crime. By researching scientifically, I will be capable of narrowing down small pieces of data that can lead to significant information. The first and most important aspect of a crime is finding what the problem is by answering a series of questions such as, but not limited to, what caused the crime to occur, when did it happen, and how it