CRISPR Essay

CRISPR is a new gene-modifying tool that has the potential to treat numerous medical conditions by editing genes that are responsible for certain diseases. This technology is based on the ability of bacteria to destroy the DNA of invading viruses. Studies have suggested that this new technology can be applied to human cells, although the idea of chopping up regions of the human genome can be unethical and could even be harmful. In order for the treatment to be administered to a patient, a small piece of RNA and an enzyme that makes a cut in the DNA are delivered to the cells. A biotechnology company, known as Editas Medicine, located in Cambridge, MA, is already designing treatments for conditions of the blood and the eye using CRISPR. For

In theory, CRISPR is an extreme method of gene editing and gene editing has been around for years on end. It has been used on plants to make them a more sustainable crop. CRISPR technology has not yet been perfected to be accessible to everyone. Yet the first clinical crispr trial happened in October of 2016, Michael Le Page tells us that in the first clinical trial of CRISPR being used "Doctors removed immune cells from the blood of a person with lung cancer, used CRISPR to disable a gene called PD-1 and then returned the cells to the body," the results of the trial are said to not be released until 2018 (Le Page 1).

During January of 2013, scientists based at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard were able to demonstrate fixed change in human and animal cells using CRISPR-Cas9. This marked a turning point in genetic advancement—though CRISPR was far from mastered, its potential was beginning to show.

Genome editing is a huge leap forward in science and medicine. Because of recent advances in technology, the study of genes and induced ‘point’ mutations have led to the discovery and advancement of methods previously used in order to mutate genes. The development of Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR associated system 9 protein (Cas9) technology is a hugely significant leap forward as this is a tool that could potentially be used for the research into and hopefully the treatment of a range of medical conditions that are genetically related. Cystic fibrosis (Schwank, G. et al, 2013), haemophilia and sickle cell disease are an example of some of the conditions that have the

Mullis came to light. This technology seemed to to hold a promise that it would end human suffering, that it would be the road to a perfect world, where diseases were no longer a threat and pesticides would become an archaic method of the past. This new technology was called PCR, and it was the earliest form of gene editing. Fast forward to today, where another great leap in the science of gene editing has just occurred - one that might be exactly what everyone thought PCR would turn into. This leap has been dubbed CRISPR, and its capabilities make PCR look like, well, nothing. CRISPR uses a device originally found in bacteria called CAS-9 to precisely snip a targeted area of an organism's genome and replace it with the correct gene. CRISPR is by all accounts an amazing technology, but there are some who think it should not be used. CRISPR has

Since the 1980’s, scientists observed a unnatural patterns in some bacterial genomes. One DNA sequence would be repeated over and over again, with original sequences in between the repeats. They called this odd function “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,” or CRISPR. This was confusing to all until scientists realized the unique sequences in between the repeats matched the DNA of viruses, specifically viruses that target certain bacteria. It turns out CRISPR is an important part in the bacteria’s immune system, which keeps harmful viruses around so it is recognizable and can defend against those viruses next time they attack for an example; kind of like a book one would keep around to look back on for help even though one does not need the book at the time. The second part of the defense mechanism is a set of enzymes called Cas or, CRISPR-associated proteins, which can precisely locate DNA and remove all of the invading viruses. Conveniently, the genes that encode for Cas are always sitting somewhere near the CRISPR sequences kind

From the science community perspective, the CRISPR-Cas system could reduce or even eliminate many of the difficulties researchers face when gene editing such as cost, duration and accuracy. Prior to CRISPR-Cas, gene editing was performed in “big labs” with experts

For many years biomedical researchers like myself have been trying to create more proactive ways to amend the genome for living cells. In more recent fieldwork studies there has been a new state of the art instrument based on bacterial CRISP in close works with protein 9 often referred to as CAS9 from the streptococcus progenies have possibly unlocked new data. The CRISP/CAS9 tries to manipulate the function of the gene using homologous recombination and RNA interference, but is set back because it can only provide short term restriction of the genes function and it’s iffy off- target effects.

The current applications of CRISPR have improved thoroughly since the first days of transgenic creations, and now with the help of the previously mentioned transgenic organisms, CRISPR has been created. CRISPR is currently being used in a variety of ways, whether it be through adaptation to severe weather, or even through creating medication to cure previously incurable diseases. There are no lengths

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, referring to the repeating DNA sequences found in the genomes of microorganisms. CRISPR technology allows scientists to make precise changes in genes by splicing and replacing these DNA sequences with new ones. Through these changes, the biology of the cell is altered and possibly affects the health of an organism. The possibilities are endless as this offers opportunities in curing deadly diseases, modifying genes, and changing humanity as we know it. Although bioengineering has been around since the 1960s, CRISPR is significant because of the comparative low costs and the ease of the procedure to

The author gives a brief history of past genome editing but thoroughly explains the history and mechanism of the CRISPR technology. She elaborates on how the technology has already been used to cure diseases and speculates on its future uses and regulation.

In “Life the Remix,” Alice Park discusses the impact and influence CRISPR has on science as well as its potential and risks. CRISPR—“clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”—is a technique to alter DNA, virtually for anything involving DNA. Although there have been attempts to edit DNA, none were as cheap and simple as CRISPR. This technique, which is based on the immune system of a bacetria, revolutionizes genetics after the subsequent discoveries of the molecular scissors enzyme: Cas9 and a method to efficiently and accurately edit human DNA using CRISPR, explains Park.

Scientist Christopher Allen, a researcher in the environmental and radiological health sciences department studies the genes that are essential for repairing DNA inside our cells. According to him, when the repair process takes a rouge turn, the result can be cancerous. Allen would like to be able to make a side-by-side comparison with a cell that has a gene he thinks is important in the repair process, and one that is missing that gene. In order to execute this comparability, he has to modify the genome of a cell, which CRISPR-Cas9 is helpful for.

Knowing how CRISPR works we can go from here. In the future we can use CRISPR for treating disease or editing the genes of human embryos. The main focus for the future, though on CRISPR is the ability

Another important thing about CRISPRCas9 is that it could show the way to the development of new treatments for diseases that haven’t yet found a cure for example cancer by changing cells to express proteins called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which allows the cells to recognize and attack cancer cells that expressed the matching antigen. Experiments with the mice were conducted and it had shown immune cells that had been designed to express CARs using CRISPR were more effective at killing tumour cells than using normal conventional methods, the researchers reported in Nature on February 22. Many new companies have been founded to use the technology to make a profit from it, and pharmaceutical companies are also seeing if its use is beneficial for drug discovery and development purposes. [8] However, due to how new this system is the risks factors haven’t been massively reviewed also because it’s so easy, it allows scientists to edit genes efficient but what if it gets into the wrong hands and instead of using it for the purpose it was created for people use it to perfect themselves and alter genes just to get the