Criterion A Essay

Warning signs for self-mutilation can be wearing covering clothing when it is warm out, and not letting people touch where they might be cutting themselves. It was once believed that people who self injure were just doing it for attention but recent studies have proven otherwise. A quote from the research from the CASE study in Europe stated that “The findings of this study show that adolescents who deliberately self-harm often report both cry of pain and cry for help motives. The majority of youngsters wanted to get relief from a terrible state of mind and/ or wanted to die with their act of self-harm. Although the study shows that there is also a cry for help, this type of motive seems to be less prominent than the cry of pain, which is inconsistent with the popular notion that adolescents deliberate self-harm is ‘only’ a cry for help (Scoliers, 2009). With this knowledge we need to make sure we help the children who are not only doing it to

Self harm is an mental health issue that not a lot of people know about. Self harm is “...the act of deliberately harming your own body, such as cutting or burning yourself” (www.mayoclinic.org). It is an issue that people do not like to talk about and especially in schools. Statistics showed that in 2014, 110% of teen girls per 100,000 self-harmed; and it has increased from 23% to 35% that teen boys self-harm (Michelle). Overall, about 15% of Canadian teenagers self harm (Kids Help Phone). Although many teenagers self harm, people do not think about if adults self harm. Statistics showed that in 2006, 54% of adults between the ages of 30 and 64 self harmed (Public Agency Of Canada). Those who self harm may be suicidal, but they do not

“Why Teenagers Cut, and How to Help,” by Jessica Lahey was quite an interesting article to read. This article talked about many things associated with teenagers cutting themselves and how parents, teachers and other adults could help prevent teens from causing self-injuries such as cuts to the body. It first started with the author talking about a girl named Sarah that she met. Sarah was a 15-year-old teenager who was at the age of twelve causing self-injuries by cutting herself which she felt made her feel better do to one of her parents abusing her. The author used Sarah’s story to understand what causes teens to make self-injuries by asking “Dr. Michael Hollander who is the director of Training and Consultations of 3East Dialectical Behavioral Therapy program. This program is at the McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. As a matter of fact, he also is the author of “Helping Teens Who Cut: Understanding and Ending Self-Injury” ().

The most common form of self-harm is skin-cutting but self-harm also covers a wide range of behaviors including, but not limited to, burning, scratching, banging or hitting body parts, interfering with wound healing hair-pulling and the ingestion of substances or objects.The desire to self-harm is listed in the DSM-IV-TR as a symptom of borderline personality disorder. However, patients with other diagnoses may also self-harm, including those with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and severe personality disorders.Self-harm is also apparent in high-functioning individuals who have no underlying clinical diagnosis. The motivations for self-harm vary and it may be used to fulfill a number of different functions. These functions include self-harm being used as a coping mechanism which provides temporary relief of intense feelings such as anxiety, depression, stress, emotional numbness or a sense of failure or self-loathing and other mental traits including low self-esteem or perfectionism. Self-harm is often associated with a history of trauma and abuse, including emotional and sexual abuse. There are a number of different methods that can be used to treat self-harm and which concentrate on either treating the underlying causes or on treating the behaviour itself. When self-harm is associated with depression, antidepressant drugs and treatments may be effective. Other approaches involve avoidance

Effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy in Treating NSSI, Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse Disorder Overview of intervention/Introduction Emma is a 15-year-old teenager diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Partaking in episodes of binge eating, fasting and self- induced vomiting; Emma has a distorted perception regarding her weight and body image. Similarly, Ethan is a 16-year-old teenager diagnosed with Non- suicidal- self-injury (NSSI), who through repetitive cuts and burns to the body uses self- injury as an emotional regulatory strategy. Both Emma and Ethan were suggested Cognitive behavioral therapy as an effective treatment option.

Introduction Deliberate self-harm is a term that covers a wide range of behaviours some of which are directly related to suicide and some are not. This is a relatively common behaviour that is little understood. This essay provides an overview of the nature and extent of those most at risk of self-harm, including causes and risk factors. Examining some of the stereotyping that surrounds self -harm, and looking at ways in which self-harm can be prevented.

Self-harm patients are at a risk for suicide whether this is an intended outcome or a result of self-harm gone wrong. 25% of people who commit suicide will have been seen in a hospital setting for a self harm injury in the past 12 months (Emerson, 2010). As well, 72% of suicide victims under the age of 25 have had a history or self-harm behavior (as sited in Cook, Clency, Sanderson, 2004). These statists provide a strong argument for the importance of vigilance and ongoing monitoring when providing care for clients who display self-harm behavior. This paper will argue the importance for close monitoring when caring for self harm but not necessarily the prevention of self harm itself. Vigilance and monitoring are important However there is evidence that complete preventions is not necessarily the best approach to self-harm (Duffin, 2006).

As the time goes by more and more psycologist and sociologists are concerned about the inclination of children and teenagers to harm themeselves. Self-harm which is the intentional self-poisoning or self-injury, with or without suicidal intent) in children and adolescents has been identified as a major problem in several countries. Much recent information on self-harm in young people has been based on surveys, usually in schools [3,4]. This has highlighted the extent of the problem at the community level. Most individuals who gain access to clinical care, however, have presented to hospital following-harm. However, only a minority of individuals who self-harm in the community present to hospital or any health facility .

Self mutilation is defined by experts as the act of intentionally harming one's body for emotional relief. There’s different ways people self harm, for example, cutting their skin, biting themselves, head banging, burning of the skin, punching and hitting themselves, scratching or pinching and even hair pulling. Along with the

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5) there are a number of disorders that are proposed as conditions for further study, including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). According to the proposed diagnostic criteria, an individual must have engaged in self-injury behavior (e.g., cutting, burning, scraping) on the surface of their body, at least five times over the last year, without suicidal intent. Additionally, the self-injury is done with the intent of gaining relief from negative emotions and the individual experiences excessive thoughts about self-injury in the period of time before the act (APA, 2013). Since the DSM-5 was published, many studies

1. Case: Lois Country: Portugal Lois is a 32 year married woman and has three children; two boys aged 8 years and 5 years, and a 3-year old girl. She was born into a middle class Portuguese family. She represents a non-linear education trajectory. She completed her basic schooling when she was 15 years old, and joined high school. However, she had to drop out due to financial difficulties. Following this, she started working as a waitress in a restaurant. She left the job after two years, and has been working in a local lodge as a helper (waiter, housekeeper) since then. She represents a linear working class trajectory. She met her husband when she started working in the lodge. At the time of their first meetings, he was working as a local guide for the guests of the lodge. Lois got married to him when she was 22 and he was 25 years old. She had her eldest son when she was 23. She had been living with her parents until the time she got married.

Self-harm in Adolescents The objective of the research paper was to determine the prevalence of self-harm in adolescents. The research was conducted

Adolescent Self-Harm Talking about your struggles and stresses is taboo, and as an adolescent in today’s society there are an ever growing number of struggles and stresses to deal with. It is hard enough going through puberty, discovering who you are, dealing with homework and good grades all whilst transitioning to adulthood. As a society, we have added numerous other stresses like relationships, sexuality and social media. Additionally, these stresses become triggers for adolescent mental health issues. One of the most taboo areas of mental health in adolescents is self-harm.

Studies have found that individuals with severe mental illnesses are more likely to engage in dangerous behavior including self-injury and suicide attempts;, and people diagnosed with schizophrenia and mood disorders have the highest rates of suicide among all mental illnesses (Klonsky, 2011; Victor & Klonsky, 2014; O’Hare et al., 2015). The DSM-5 classifies Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as a separate diagnostic criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Klonsky, 2011), suggesting that self-injury itself is considered a mental illness.

Suicide is a major public health problem in the United States. As of 2015, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death among all U.S. citizens (CDC, 2017). It is the 2nd leading cause among the age groups 15-24 and 25-34 and the 3rd leading cause among children 10-14, surpassing cancer (CDC, 2017). Self-directed violence is distinguished in 3 ways: suicide is death induced by self-directed violence with the intent to die; suicide attempt is non-fatal, self-directed violence with intent to die and may or may not cause injury; suicidal ideation is considering, planning or thinking of engaging in self-directed violence with the outcome of death (CDC, 2016). Accurate terminology is important because literature interpretation is often questionable and having consistent terms will allow researchers to better evaluate the data and prevention initiatives. The motives and understanding of self-directed violence can be difficult, but education and prevention can be simplified. Community education on recognizing suicide warning signs and risk factors can result in a reduction of self harm in high-risk populations.