Critical Evaluation: Mark Twains' "The Damned Human Race"
At the turn of the 20th century, Mark Twain took on a mission to disprove Darwin's theory that, through evolution; man has "ascended from the lower animals." Mr. Twain believed that man actually de-evolved and are the lesser species - "descending from the higher animals" and spent many grueling months studying the subject. Whether this is a valid argument, seems to be one of opinion, as it is rumored that the author was struggling with financial ruin and the loss of his family. When studying the essay, the reader can't help but notice that Mr. Twain's personal feelings run rampant throughout the paper.
The author begins his "study" by reiterating that, even though all are
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He also asserts that man is the only animal that can be considered obscene, vulgar and indecent. He offers examples of men keeping harems, such as roosters, yet the female human is enslaved whereas the chicken relishes in the position. He states that man is the only animal that has feelings and actions that include revenge, cruelty, war and slavery.
In studying and evaluating this essay, one can't help but be reminded that the author was publically grieving for the loss of his wife and the previous deaths of three of his children. The only child to survive the author was his youngest, Clara. Having this knowledge, the reader can't help but question the devastating loss of his family and his apparent financial ruin, as setting the tone of this paper. Twain biographer Van Wyck Brooks, and most other biographer's, agreed that the "pessimistic cynicism" was attributed to his finanical and family woes. Brooks believed though, that Twain's life was no more difficult than others; even leading an "enviable" life. (Brooks) He gives the explanation that his pessimism stems from Twains' "frustrated" artist mentality. He asserts that Twain longed to write "timeless, serious works of literature but ended up as a mere humorist, storyteller, businessman, and celebrity."
Could this be true - that Mark Twain regretted his participation in "modern" literature? Numerous biographers, scholars and students have
These paragraphs mention a couple of immoral aspects of Twain’s life. When he buries his grandmother under the grapevine, he justifies his reasoning through common sense. “The vine needed fertilizing, my aunt had to be buried, and I dedicated her to this high purpose.” This justification is ironic because his deceased grandmother is providing life for the vines. He also refers to the Constitution in support of his actions. “Does that unfit me for the President? The Constitution of our country does not say so.” Irony also occurs when Twain admits that he dislikes the poor. “I regard the poor man, in his present condition, as so much wasted raw material.” This statement is ironic because the office of the presidency swears on oath to support and serve the entire population of the United States. Because of this, the ironies placed in these two paragraphs further bring out the humor of this
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by the pseudonym Mark Twain, has been central to American literature for over a century. His seemingly effortless diction accurately exemplified America’s southern culture. From his early experiences in journalism to his most famous fictional works, Twain has remained relevant to American writing as well as pop culture. His iconic works are timeless and have given inspiration the youth of America for decades. He distanced himself from formal writing and became one of the most celebrated humorists. Mark Twain’s use of the common vernacular set him apart from authors of his era giving his readers a sense of familiarity and emotional connection to his characters and himself.
Next a Turk from Constantinople; a Greek Christian from Crete; an Armenian; a Methodist from the wilds of Arkansas; a Buddhist from China; a Brahman from Benares. Finally, a Salvation Army Colonel from Wapping. Then I stayed away two whole days. When I came back to note results, the cage of Higher Animals was all right, but in the other there was but a chaos of gory odds and ends of turbans and fezzes and plaids and bones -- not a specimen left alive. These Reasoning Animals had disagreed on a theological detail and carried the matter to a Higher Court.” This is his final example to show that human beings are the lower species. However, I disagree with this experiment, I do not believe that the experiment would end this way. People of different backgrounds are able to live alongside each other, and even become friends. Twain’s theory is disproved by communities great and small, neighborhoods, countries, and the world. If people were truly as evil and violent as Twain makes them out to be, we would have no civilization, no law, and no
In Mark Twain 's satirical essay, “The Damned Human Race,” Twain critiques human beings by declaring that “The human race is a race of cowards; and I am not only marching in that procession but carrying a banner.” The motif of cowardice and the cruelty of humanity is also present in another one of Twain’s most famous works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Throughout this novel, Twain passionately decries the immorality and corruption of society through the employment of rhetoric and themes. He utilizes irony to draw attention to the hypocrisy and self-righteousness of many Christians and the detrimental effects this hypocrisy can have on society. He implements pathos to highlight the greed and
Mark Twain, one of the most famous and influential American writers, was born in Hannibal, Missouri on November 30, 1835 and died April 21, 1910. Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, he eventually adopted his famous pseudonym in 1863. Shortly after his father's death in 1847, when Clemens was twelve, his father passed away. After his father death, he applied for an apprenticeship at the local-printing shop. While working in the printing shop, Twain learned the skills required to be a printer and developed an aptitude for witty short essays and responses. Mark Twain was enthralled by his opportunity to develop his skills as a printer, and later he realized that he had a unique talent for writing. By working as an apprentice printer, he
Twain ends his paper stating that the cause for man?s cruelty is that of the ?moral sense.? Man is the only animal that owns it, yet it is the primary cause for his degradation. ?Without it,? Twain
In one of his examples he speaks of a two “cages” (Twain). One filled with assorted “animals” the other with different men from different religions and locations (Twain). He hopes to prove how animals very quickly learned the most basic survival technique to cohabitate where the man did not. He lacks logos, as the man is an intellectual species and has evolved, surpassing other animals. The animals do not wear clothes, nor do they choose how they present themselves and what
James L. Johnson dedicated Mark Twain and the Limits of Power to outlining how, like Emerson, Twain’s "solipsism is a fundamental ingredient in much of [his] best work (Johnson 8)." Twain’s characters had or wanted "an extraordinary ability to dominate the worlds in which they find themselves (Johnson 1)." Twain had little faith in a Christian God so he put more faith in the self. Johnson also thought Twain’s bitterness increased as he unearthed that "the larger and more masterful the Self became, the less benevolent he was likely to be (Johnson 7)." Although Twain’s life was common because it had limits he "envisioned a character who might not have to make those accommodations, a hero who might break out of the prison of limitations into a brighter life (Johnson 187)." Frustration with the world, hence a caustic temperament, arose as time wore on but Twain never lost sight and hoped for "mastery over it and freedom (Johnson 189)."
Samuel L. Clemens, better known for his novelist title Mark Twain, wrote an intuitive short story in 1905 as a response to the Spanish-American and Philippine-American War. He began his writing career at the age of eighteen until the commence of the Civil War; in which he then volunteered to join the war. Within two weeks he quit and set off for a new conquest much in which resembled soul searching. Expediting to move across the country he crossed paths with natives and became a familiar writer moving to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii). Twain’s form of writing cultivated into a fervent style during his life in Hartford yet took an aberrant turn reaching the nineteen hundred. He began to pivot around dark writings that focused on the inner workings
Mark Twain's Pessimistic Views Exposed in Mark Twain's Pessimistic Views Exposed in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
American author Mark Twain was one of the most influential people of his time. Twain is perhaps best known for his traditional classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about an adventurous boy named Huck Finn as he traverses about on the Mississippi. Under first impressions, Huckleberry Finn would be considered nothing but a children’s tale at heart written by the highly creative Mark Twain. However one interprets it, one can undoubtedly presume that Twain included personal accounts within its pages, humorous and solemn opinions on the aspects of the diverse societies around him during his life. Throughout the entire story, Huck Finn would often come into conflict between choosing what was consciously right and what was morally
Mark Twain is important to American literature because of his novels and how they portray the American experience. Some of his best selling novels were Innocents Abroad, Life on the Mississippi, Huckleberry Finn, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In these books, Mark Twain recalls his own adventures of steamboating on the Mississippi River.
Furthermore, Twain elucidates that when Humans keep prisoners, the prisoners are dreadfully tantalized. Twain goes ahead to point numerous horrible examples of ill-treatment, torture throughout history. Twain also indicates how humans are the only animals who subjugate and plunder his fellow human and completely destroys his own
The true nature of human action remains as an enigma for many and it is question whose answer is everywhere in the civilization that we have all collectively built. The author Jane Austen in persuasion believes that each person is self serving and kind when it 's in their best interest. Contrary to Austens’ belief, Mark Twain with“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” shows a more optimistic view of human nature where the guilt and sense of sympathy are the driving emotions behind every action. Similarly, in the novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith identifies the empathy and duty as a primary cause for the kindness in each person. Every person is hardwired to be a social and inherently good person driven by the emotional consequences and
"All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence, and then success is sure" (Twain). This quote is from Mark Twain. He is a very famous author who has written such classics as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain’s real name is Samuel Clemens, and was known to have experienced different many things in his lifetime. He has worked as a miner, printer, river pilot, and more (www.cmgww.com). This tells us that he must have known many things, and possibly how he came up with this quote.