Critical Review On Syphilis

The samurai of Tokugawa Japan, the yangban of Choson Korea, and the gentry of Ming China were three very powerful and elite groups of East Asia. These groups consisted of high ranking government officials with judicial power and influence. Although the groups were located in the same region they had their similarities and differences in how they obtained power and how they used their power. Japanese samurai were military nobility who had almost as much power as the emperor, but were not the highest ranking officials whereas the yangban officials of Korea were the highest ranking rulers. The gentry of the Ming period of China were once high ranking rulers; however, the gentry were defined as retired Chinese bureaucrats. Socially, all

"Thirty years ago today, the Washington Evening Star newspaper ran this headline on its front page: "Syphilis Patients Died Untreated."

This paper discusses an experiment meant to cure and learn more syphilis, a venereal disease spread through sexual intercourse or from a mother to a child during pregnancy. It discusses the bacterium that causing the disease and the blood test that was created to diagnose it. The Division of Venereal diseases was eventually created in the United States Public Health Service to help study and control sexually transmitted diseases. A fund was created in the South to help control syphilis and help develop health programs for African Americans. A control study that was also designed to treated syphilis was eventually created. After realizing the alarming outbreak of syphilis,

One important Healthy People 2020 initiative to discuss is the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections. The goal set through Healthy People 2020 (2015) is, “To promote healthy sexual behaviors, strengthen community capacity, and increase access to quality services to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their complications.” This health care initiative is important through-out the lifespan. It is important when trying to prevent transmission from mother to child and during sexual contact between adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and the elderly. During the pregnancy and birthing process it is important to identify TORCH infections that can be acquired congenitally from mother to offspring. These infections can be transmitted during the birthing process and through breast feeding. It requires important education and prevention measures to help reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality (Stegmann & Carey, 2002). This group

"Tom is 35 and works in advertising. He has had a stressful time over the past 12 months and work pressures have been high. He also separated from his long-term girlfriend about 5 months ago. Tom has withdrawn from many of his usual activities and, when he does meet up with friends, he is quieter than normal and he doesn’t seem to express enthusiasm for anything. Colleagues have noticed that he isn’t as eager to pitch to potential clients and is content to take a back seat in meetings, whereas he was often at the centre of things before. On occasions he has been quite short-tempered with people, although he is usually mild-mannered. Tom is struggling to fall asleep at night and has complained that he is waking up fairly early in the morning too, without being able to return to sleep." There have been two previous episodes when Tom experienced similar difficulties: he had some time off work a couple of years ago and in his mid-twenties Tom struggled after his father died.

As an epidemiologist called in to conduct an investigation into the syphilis outbreak in my community, I first intend on following up on the routine interviews done by the public health nurse in the office. Foremost, I would visit each individual affected and a targeted line of questioning would be posed. Verifying person, place, and times as to exposure in paramount in understanding the cause of the presence of disease in the community (Goldsteen, Goldsteen, & Dwelle, 2015). Questions would include the number of sexual partners they have had in their lifetime and a names of their most recent partners, collecting addresses and phone numbers of the names collected. Syphilis is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease divided into four stages,

Although in many cases the patient might feel intimidated and ask the health provider if using birth control is appropriate. I always reassured them and let the decision be theirs, and I also let them know that I am here to support them either way. However, I will educate them on the importance of taking care of themselves and have children whenever they are ready. Introduction of sex education in high school will be beneficial before teens become sexually active and encouraged the use of birth control to those who cannot wait. In most cases peer pressure and unforeseen circumstances drives predisposes teens and young adult to become sexually active early. Caring theory of Jean Watson have always guide my practice, I am here to help and care for the patient regardless of their health chooses they make for themselves. Utley, (2014). Implementation of caring science to patient care provide human compassion, promotes healing, and health. Women have major roles to play in the family and the community therefore, encouraging, helping, and supporting this population to maintain a healthy life should be our

Youth and young adults and women continue to bear the burden of chlamydia and gonorrhea; the burden of syphilis among young adults has become more pronounced, in 2010, 50% of primary and secondary syphilis cases were under 30 years of age.

Students who attend college as athletes face the everyday struggles of being a full-time athlete and a full-time student. It has been long debated whether or not time restricted athletes should be compensated for the work they do on the field. Student-athletes should be paid for their work as athletes, but because of NCAA amateurism rules, they are left with a busy training schedule, no athlete compensation if injury occurs, and no steady income.

Sex education has helped to reduce unplanned pregnancies. (Bonner and Williams 2006). The study showed that because they were taught both abstinence and comprehensive sex education, this lead to a decline in unplanned pregnancies and abortions (Bonner and Williams 2006). It showed in the study that women are more likely to change their attitudes about sex education if they are given accurate information. Most of the women only went to get information from the doctor once they had unplanned pregnancies. Most women’s attitudes about sex education come from friends and not doctors. The study showed that most women prefer to get sex education from a friend and only see a doctor once she has had an unplanned pregnancy (Bonner and Williams

For forty years between 1932 and 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) conducted an experiment on about six hundred black men of whom four hundred were infected with syphilis, while the other two hundred uninfected served as the control group. to determine the natural course of untreated syphilis in black male in Macon County, Alabama. These men, for the most part illiterate sharecroppers were never told what disease they were suffering from or of its seriousness. The victims were lured to the hospital with promises of free transportation, lunches, medical care, and burials, they were informed that they were being treated for “bad blood,” and fact their doctors had no intention of curing them of syphilis at all. The study was meant to discover how syphilis affected blacks as opposed to whites, the theory being that whites experienced more neurological complications from syphilis whereas blacks were more susceptible to cardiovascular damage. The true nature of the experiment had to be kept from the subjects to ensure their cooperation. Almost none of these victims has ever seen a doctor before, and were pleased to hear that they were getting free medical treatment for “bad blood”.

Throughout the ages, while the origins to this day continue to be debated, the strength and potency of the disease have rarely been in question. Syphilis, while not viewed as a huge threat due to a decreased number of cases in the mid-late 1990s, needs to be taken more seriously by the public because it is more dangerous than many realize, especially because it is extremely contagious, it is extremely elegant in the symptoms it produces, it has played a larger part in history than many would think, and there is a certain stigma which surrounds the disease, which in turn pushes individuals away from receiving the necessary testing.

Women that have syphilis and go untreated can be at risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, blindness or stroke. There has even been a rise in newborns they are born with syphilis. There are several reasons into why there is an increase in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Some of the reasons are both race and gender have multiple correlates that may account for these differences, including cultural expectations, experience of sexual victimization, socio-economic status, access to community resources, education, and poor family environment. There are several myths out there about sexually transmitted disease such catching it from a toilet seat, you can’t get an STD the first time having sex, or that only people that have sex with multiple partners get sexually transmitted

In actuality there was only one stated purpose for this study and that was to study “the effects of untreated syphilis in African Americans.” Although the stated purpose the nearly 600 participants heard was that this study was a cure for “bad blood.” Not only were participants in this study African American but they were also mostly poor, illiterate farmers in Alabama. The ideal test group for researchers that didn’t want/need many questions arising.

When one hears the medical condition “syphilis,” the thoughts of unprotected sex comes to mind. Today, syphilis (and other common sexually transmitted infections) is taught in schools in the topic of sex education. Presently, we know syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete bacterium. The primary route of transmission is through sexual contact; (but it may also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or at birth). Syphilis is known to be one of the more serious infections and fear of being infected is present. It is also commonly known that the diagnosis takes all but a simple blood test. So to avoid contracting this infection, sexually active individuals are advised by the State Health Department to always practice safe sex by simply using a condom (or of the like). Nonetheless, syphilis was not such an easily understandable infection at the time of antiquity. Not only was it not understood, but there ranged from sensible to crazed theories and treatments of the infection.