Critical Review of James Scott's "Patron Clients and Political Change in Southeast Asia"

“Tearful Conversation’s” author is a Vietnamese man decrying the affect Western foreigners have on the lands their trade dominates. Comparing the two documents allows for a readers to understand the scope and effect of global trading by examining both the native and foreign reactions to nations’ changing populations and landscapes. Document Two describes that “a full description of the inhabitants of Singapore would fill a volume, they are of so many countries.” As Robert E. Elson describes in his article, the crop commodity systems of South Asia encouraged the increased immigration of young workers from across Asia and the West to meet demands. Just as the writer of the document traveled Eastward, many other Westerners found themselves in countries like Singapore to obtain official positions and secure connections to Eastern markets for Western nations. Although diversity increased, ethnicities often did not intermix; migrant populations in Southeast Asia tended to separate themselves in distinct areas of the city, which is also referenced in the document. Perhaps due to the fact that they felt more comfortable living with those who shared their backgrounds, or due to the layout of the land and housing markets, different nationalities tended to remain together when abroad. For the most part, these different groups only interacted for business

The authors themselves are credible for this topic. McCarty is a professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University. Poole is A Professor of Political Science at the University of California. Rosenthal is a Professor of Politics at

The next two decades of Pol Pot’s life are best characterized by his endless political maneuvering within the Cambodian Communist movement. Having struggled to gain independence from French colonialism during the 1940’s, and again during the First Indochina War of the 1950’s, there were already several prominent Communist factions active in Cambodia upon Pol Pot’s return to his country. His initial task as a clandestine operative of the Marxist Circle was to evaluate each of these factions, and to rise to power in the most promising

In the mid 1900s the world experienced a major change, no more was there a war between two major nations, rather the threat of war between the Soviet Union and the United States, a conflict that always threatened to boil over. Within this tug of war of power, nations broke free from their imperialistic ties, and became individual entities. Southeastern Asia was very much influenced by imperialism, with the Dutch controlling Indonesia, the French controlling Cambodia, and the British presence in Thailand. The cold war was a dissolving factor of imperialism and once these countries gained freedom, without the support of the countries controlling them, they inevitably fell into poverty. The first challenge critical to any country’s success would

Key Concept 4.2.II.D; 5.2.III; 5.3.III.C Theme Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems Theme 5: Development and Transfer of Social Structures Skills for Basic Core Points Argumentation; Comparison; Causation; Synthesis

Political structures are defined as the formal or informal political procedures through which decisions are made regarding the usage, production and distribution of resources in any given community. Formal political structures through its organizations can control processes such as election of leaders; parts and tasks of the executive and administration; organization of political representation (through political parties); and the obligation and oversight of the state. Informal and communal political structures, customs and rules can work within or together with the formal political organizations. In development, democratic political structures are seen to deliver prospects for all without discrimination (Scott & Mcloughlin, 2014).

Asia during the times of the Song Dynasty, Ibn Fadlan, and Ibn Sina was divided by political strife and religious divisions. The Song Dynasty was weak and just getting over a massive divisive and warring period. The Islamic West Asia was thriving culturally and scholarly and trade between the two became dense with ideas as well as technologies to progress the still advancing western region.

One of the main points the author stresses in this chapter is the monster known as “dependency”. Dependency is a challenge that all small local churches will have to face. Page 169 reads, “The monster of dependency will ask us how much we can pay rather than how much we can build capacity. He will want you to focus on the conditions of your stuff- resources, money, people---rather than the condition of the heart. He will ask you what you can continue to give rather than what you will leave behind, the work that will last, even when you are no longer there. He asks what will you do for the people rather than what you can do with them”. The worst part about this monster is that it is self- made. The church must try

The novel “The Dancer”, by Ahmad Tohari and the memoir “Across Three Wildernesses”, by Ken McCullough, are first hand accounts of what it was like to be living during the cold war era in Southeast Asia. Although, both the novel and the memoir exam the treatment of the people on the local level they also examine the effects of the struggle between communism and capitalism on the larger global level.

Morrison, Bruce Vaughn, and William Kennedy; the evolution and rise of China’s strength through soft power were discussed. Beginning on Yiwei Wang’s piece, its focus point aims at the redefining of China from a hard power into a soft power by rebranding its international image to suit its goals. (Wang, 2005) In the piece, China’s difficulties in achieving a full rebranding began the piece, yet its transformation has seen its return in success by going “from soft power to soft rise” with its ambitions in achieving this power. Going into Thomas Lum, Wayne M. Morrison, and Bruce Vaughn’s piece, the means China had used to actually reach this point of soft power were discussed especially focussing on its focus in Southeast Asia by conducting non-military inducements including culture, diplomacy, foreign aid, trade, and investment throughout the region. Through these non-military acts throughout the region, negative imagery previously associated with China during the Mao era had begun to be forgotten, in order to think of China as their hero of sorts. (Lum, Morrison, Vaughn, 2008) Lastly, through Kennedy’s piece these goals are reiterated in both the means China has been using to boost its soft power as well as the benefits of economic and diplomatic gains through the success of their gains in soft power, as well as reiterating Nye’s point in the strengths achievable through successful soft power usage. (Kennedy, 2016)

Singapore and Malaysia were both similarly colonized by the British. However, their development after independence differed in many ways. In this paper, I will examine, with help from resources provided in the course and minimal research, how their colonial experiences affected their political and social development after independence. After which, investigating the depth of influence their colonizers had, and why, differing racial ideologies had the greatest impact on their development.

The process of decolonization in Southeast Asia was not totally a violent struggle due to the divers natures of the process of decolonization and the fight for independence in the various Southeast Asian nations. Furthermore, although the struggle for the withdrawal of the colonial masters was lined with bloodshed and violence, there were still moments in which peaceful negotiations managed to take place, rendering the process of decolonization in Southeast Asia a largely violent struggle as one cannot say that it was totally violent due to the differing situations that occurred in the different Southeast Asian nations during the process of

‘Why are the Western nations small and yet strong? What are we large and yet weak? We must search for the means to become their equal ... At first they may take the foreigners as their teachers and models; then they may come to the same level and be their equals; finally they may move ahead and surpass them. Herein lies the way to self-strengthening.’1

Bangladesh is a developing country of southeast Asia. It is a country with a population of more than 150 million people. The government system is parliamentary government system. Bureaucracy is a important part of the government which works for the efficient and effective policy Implementation. Now a days corruption is seen every where in the society and for this bureaucracy can 't work properly. In this paper,l will try to find out the relationship between bureaucracy and corruption; try to find solution of this problem.

The Catholic Church took on a more significant role as a” provider of social services from the mid-nineteenth century”(Considine and Dukelow ,2009,p.15. The Church strongly endorsed the principle of Subsidiarity, supporting the belief that areas concerned with provision should be managed at local level, by various community based groups.