Critical Sources For The Pollution

Throughout history there have been many examples of tragedy of the commons. Tragedy of the commons is when people in a certain area over exploit a common resource which leads toa higher problem. Tragedy of the commons normally happens when people get greedy and get more than they really need. For example, if one farmer is public grazing area were to add a cow over the limit the field can sustain it won’t do much damage but if the other farmers also add another cow to the field it could end up harming it to the point where it is no longer usable.This comes to show that if even a single person becomes greedy it could ruin so many things for other people. Ideas will be pulled out from Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the Commons” to be used in this essay.

With this Locke is of the opinion that properties do not have much value as a divine ordainment rather he is of the view that labour adds the deserving value to the property which is regarded as the principle of the first appropriation. The way we think about environmental concerns or when we deal with the question of the common use of resources, the phrase ‘The Tragedy of the Common’s almost inevitably props up. Our thinking is heavily influenced by Garrett Hardin's pivotal 1968 essay with the same name "The Tragedy of the Commons”. In his essay, Hardin described the fate of a common pasture, unowned and available to all. The tragedy of the commons lies in the anticipation that a resource will be overused when it is part of a “commons.” As Hardin explained, in such a situation it is in each herder's self-interest to maximize his use of the commons at the expense of the community at large. Each herder captures all of the benefit from adding one more animal to his herd. Yet the costs of overgrazing the pasture are distributed among every user of the pasture. And when all of the herders respond to these incentives, the pasture is overgrazed - hence the tragedy. The tragedy is that people don’t look at the bigger picture; the over use of

There are various types of air pollution contributors in California such as fire generated pollutants and vehicle traffic, which add particulate matter and carbon monoxide into the air we breathe. According to an article by Union of Concerned Scientists (Cars, trucks, and air pollution, 2014) particulate matter is made up of fine particles soot and metal that can pose serious threats to human health when deep in the lungs. Other pollutants emitted from vehicles are: nitrogen oxide which lowers the body’s defense system against respiratory infections such as pneumonia, carbon monoxide which blocks oxygen from reaching vital organs, sulfur dioxide which is emitted by both power plants and vehicles affect children and asthmatics, and hazardous air pollutants (toxics) which are chemicals that are linked to cancer, birth defects and other illnesses (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014).

As suggested by Hardin, “One of the major tasks of education today should be the creation of such an acute awareness of the dangers of the commons that people will recognize its many varieties” (Hardin). He continues with how pollution is a result of air and water being treated as commons. Without Capitalism, users who ‘share’ these commons refuse to take responsibility because they do not have to. If users of resources would take Hardin’s suggestion of further awareness and education, there would be less misuse of natural

Laws partially exist to impose self-control where it might not otherwise occur. As a society, we have a tendency to view our freedoms and resources as limitless, to use as we see fit. Individuals are willfully blind, they are the cause of their now limited freedoms and resources. If a person owns something, they are absolutely free to use it right up until it threatens another person. In the case “The Fight over the Redwoods”, the environment’s free, but limited God-given resources are continuously depleting, from our exploitations. Adam Smith’s invisible hand theory and Garrett Hardin’s “tragedy of commons” make prevalent in their theories the consequences of these particular attitudes. An individual’s along with society’s self-interest can

This article goes over the inefficiency of the commons, the idea of a shared area that anyone can use. This idea is flawed because it is in every individual’s best interest to get the most out of the land, regardless of the other land users. This can lead to the over use and abuse of the land and its resources. To prevent such misuse, rules must be set in place and people to enforce them. However, this leads to more complications, as people must be found to monitor use of the land and enforce the restrictions. and appears impracticable compared to the land-owning system. The commons system simply illustrates that if place in a group setup, men will look out for their best interest regardless of others. If an individual

The individual asks him or herself ‘“What is the utility to me of adding one more animal to my herd?”’ (Tragedy of the Commons 1244). Using the logic of the commons, it is easier for the individual to rationalize harming the public while personally profiting. This results in people with weaker consciences receiving unfair gain from the system and eventually causing the behavior to proliferate. Hardin says “[t]o make such an appeal is to set up a selective system that works toward the elimination of conscience from the race.” He continues on to recommend “mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon by the majority of the people affected,” in effect, laws that punish detrimental behavior. In a finite world, we, as humans, must decide how to best distribute our limited resources. When people only consider themselves and their own gain, they rarely acknowledge that resources are limited. Couple this with a large population in a concentrated area, and the logic of the commons is simply unsustainable. If population growth continues at its high pace, it becomes clear that if people are operating by commons philosophy, the law must reconsider what rights we have as individuals and what must be enacted through formal legislation. This is applicable regarding the problem of pollution as everyone adds a small amount of pollution to the environment gradually decreasing the overall quality of our shared environment. The impurities will build up over time and cause muddied, unusable water and a smog-filled atmosphere. To avoid this, Hardin suggests taxing pollution-inducing plants so that it is more costly to pollute rivers and streams than it is to purify the water. As a plan that is both practical and applicable, it will divert the tragedy of the commons in a way that discourages rather than encourages

Hardin discusses how the pollution problem in the world has everything to do with the population. He says how the common man has only self- interest and does not care about pollution and only cares about making profit. Hardin points

For hundreds of years, humans have exploited the environment for resources in a somewhat selfish manner. This has pushed Earth to breaking point, and caused large scale environmental problems such as global warming, deforestation, water pollution, air pollution and animal extinction. These problems have to be solved by those who created them, however there are contrasting arguments on the methods to do this. Garrett Hardin (1968) states in this Tragedy of the Commons paper that mutual coercion is needed to solved dilemmas involving the environment as appeals to conscience are too long term to make an effective mark, or alternatively making property private so each individual is responsible for their land and any issues that arise from their

Hardin also uses the idea of “Tragedy of the Commons” to point out how humankind has begun to aimlessly wipe out resources and producing even more waste without considering the consequences. In the northern hemisphere, most countries have modern sewage systems to deal with the overproduction of waste. “Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase his heard without limit—in a world that is limited.” The creation of private property and inheritance has changed humankind’s philosophy of who owns what in nature. Land area can be sectioned off, but not areas of sea and airspace.

Garrett Hardin’s, The Tragedy of the Commons discusses the exploitation of common resources and the inability to solve the problem with technical solutions. Hardin focuses on population and the effect it has and will continue to have on what he refers to as the commons. The exploitation of natural resources or the tragedy of the commons, as he puts it, refers to all resources that are not formally regulated. Such resources include rivers, parks, the atmosphere, energy and so on. Robert Wade and James Acheson take different approaches in how the use of common property can help address the tragedy of the commons.

Pollution has been a growing problem since the rapid evolution of technology after the Industrial Revolution, which contaminated Earth with its byproducts of harmful chemicals and an ever growing pile of trash. From harmful chemicals in the air to plastic floating in the ocean, pollution has contaminated the very world we have been living in, slowly creating a bleak future for the new generations to come. I was a young child, unaware of the danger of just breathing the air and how dirty the world has become over the last few hundred years. Eventually, a life-threatening event changed that view forever and urged me to take a stance on the topic of pollution, changing my views and having a huge impact on my future. Before long, I had become

The “freedom in a commons is often linked to personal profit, which turns out to affect the environment. For example, Garret Hardin writes in “The Tragedy of Common” that, al herdsman keeps

“The Tragedy of the Commons” written by Garret Hardin explains how the human population is degrading the environment. When Hardin refers to commons he is talking about a resource that is owned by no one and used by a group of people. Some examples of commons include the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the oceans we fish. The tragedy is that people don’t look at the bigger picture; the over use of commons for our own personal benefit leads to the destruction or extinction of these commons. For example if one fisherman wants to fish the oceans as much as possible that’s fine, but now imagine if every fisherman wants to fish the oceans as much as they can, this is one example of a common being destroyed by the human population. The

Hardin addresses the issue of pollution stating that “the rational man finds that his share of the cost of the wastes he discharges into the commons is less than the cost of purifying his wastes before releasing them” (Hardin, 1968, p. 1245). Thus, the rational man finds that it is more economical to discharge his waste into the commons. Hardin’s states that an increase in the population is vastly threatening our environment due to its direct relation to increased pollution. Therefore, to avoid pollution, it must be easier and lower in cost to treat the pollutants, than to get rid of them untreated. As the numbers of people increase, there will inevitably be rising levels of pollution, degeneration of the quality of agricultural land, deforestation, and deterioration of air and water quality. To prevent this deterioration, Hardin believes our first aim should be to arrest the growth of world