Critical Thrust Force Analysis Of Machining Of Gfrp With Coconut Fillers Using Jodrill

Polypropylene being often used as products with live hinges and outdoor usage, is crucial to learn the limit of how it performs under various circumstances such as extreme temperature or the frequency and speed on how it is being moved. Its breaking force are also affected by those parameters. Hence it is important to study how to maximize the usage of the materials. Experiments include tensile test, Charpy impact test and Shore hardness test.

When operating a Milling machine there are a lot of health and safety laws that have to be followed when preparing to use and using a milling machine, the laws and safety precautions that must be taken are as follows:

The tensile testing was done on the three composite specimens (90°, and two 45°) were completed with a servo-hydraulic load frame with a wedge. The one in the lab was the MTS 647 hydraulic wedge grip and an 810 material test system. The specimens had strain gages with a Wheatstone bridge to collect data such as time, distance, load, axial strain, and transverse strain. From the strain gages, evidence can support how and when the specimen material failed under the stress being applied to it. The test was run for three times on three different specimens. The first specimen that was tested in the hydraulic load was the 0°/90° specimen, which is made of carbon and epoxy laminate composite.

However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design

Another reason is the low glass transition temperatures of the rubbers that lower the maximum use temperature and the modulus of the epoxy resins. The high performance engineering thermoplastics such as poly(ether sulfone)s, poly(ether ketone)s and poly(ether imide)s were used as toughener for epoxy resins [34-36]. The major advantage of these thermoplastic modifiers is that their incorporation into epoxy resins does not result in reduction in modulus and glass transition temperature. In comparison with rubber modified systems, the use of tough thermoplastic polymers offers better improvement in fracture toughness for higher crosslink density epoxy systems. The advantages of thermoplastic modified epoxy systems lie in the fact that the modulus and the Tg of the modified epoxy can be maintained, and the fracture toughness can be improved in direct proportion to the amount of thermoplastic added. The use of reactive thermoplastic modifiers provides good adhesion between epoxy and thermoplastic phases. Several toughening mechanisms that have been proposed for the thermoplastic modified epoxies [37]. These mechanisms are illustrated in the Figure

Carbon fiber in all aspects is a material consisting of thin fibers of nearly pure carbon made by subjecting various organic raw materials to high temperatures, combined with asynthetic resins to produce a strong, lightweight material use in construction of aircraft and spacecraft (dictionary 2016). This composite material dates back to the 1950s where the tensile strength of carbon fiber was discovered and put into work. 50 years later carbon fiber is still well used and in great demand as the benefits of it proved to be great for the race car industry. The purpose of this project is to examine the mechanical properties of carbon fiber, and the benefits that it provides to the race car industry as well as predicting what other applications will occur in the

This section analyzed and shown the existing significant strength of competitive forces within the apparel industry in Europe. The collective strength of the existing forces defines the profitability of the incumbents and the new player in the industry (Mann & Byun 2011).

[3] MALLOY,K., et al.; “Managed Pressure Drilling: What It Is and What It Is Not” (2009).

However, modeling of ceramic matrix composites could be much more complex due to the unique feature of this type of material: 1) the fracture and brittle behavior of materials; and b) the nonuniform distribution of porosity in the ceramic matrix. CMCs are comprised of individual layers with unique material properties dependent on fiber orientation within the polymer matrix which is typically in a woven pattern. Therefore, CMCs often exhibit anisotropic or orthotropic properties, and have lower strains and higher degrees of fragmentations than metallic materials during machining. The unique features of CMCs make simulations more challenging due to the complex nature of the problem considering material nonlinear fracture, anisotropic or orthotropic property and multi-phase interaction apart from dynamic loading and plastic deformation in machining of metals.

It has been done the work to describes Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites can be successfully improved by filling nonmetals recycled from waste

Figure 4 shows the results of loss in weight for the samples as a function with the applied load. It has been found that the wear behavior of unreinforced alloy is higher compared with the composites. This behavior back to the hard ceramic material protects the surface from the severe contact [30–32]. The results given in figure 5 show that the weight loss decreases as the percentage of the nano SiC particles increases from 0.5% to 4.5%. This could be occurred because the ceramic material on the composite surface protects the matrix from severe contact. Figure 4 reveals also, that when the applied load increases, the wear rate of all investigated samples increases. Conditions of the severe wear were clearly seen from the rate of weight loss. The recognized pattern is steady with that perceived by Alpas and Zhang [33] they propose the wear rate increment bit by bit with the connected load in the gentle wear area. Then again, at a 'discriminating load ' that relies upon sliding speed, the wear rate suddenly increments reflect the condition termed "serious" wear. From figure 6 we can see that the composites weight loss is less than that of matrix alloy.

The physical and mechanical properties of the composites are determined by the fiber/matrix interface. By chemical treatments such as dewaxing, mercerization, bleaching, cyanoethylation, silane treatment, benzoylation, peroxide treatment, isocyanate treatment, acrylation, acetylation, latex coating, steam-explosion, etc. the interfacial properties can be improved [34,

Utilization of fiber reinforced composites for gaining importance to derive more advantages such as manufacturing process flexibility, high strength to weight ratio. Due to extensive growth applications of composites, the machining of composites was preferred where the closed dimensional tolerances maintained in the case of the composites mating with the other components. The present work aims at identify influenced optimum milling process parameters required to achieve the good surface quality along the machined surface with minimum damage. Consequently the work indeed the comparison discussions on the machined surface generated with different tool signatures of two fluted specially designed carbide tipped mill tool and four fluted solid carbide mill tool. In this regard the experimentations were conducted with varied milling process parameters and the results were thoroughly evaluated and analyzed with origin interface graphs and scanning electron micro (SEM) graphs to understand post machined surface textures.

In design aspect of any engineering structure, machinery and equipment, the stress concentration is one of the major considerations for the successful design as it can cause fracture to various mechanical components and the machine, structure may eventually get failed to function for the purpose it is supposed to be designed. The rectangular plate with holes and notches find its application in field of automobile, mechanical, aerospace and marine components. The presence of holes or notches in such components reduces the mechanical strength due to the large stress concentration near the holes or notches that causes the alleviation of fracture occurrence under service loads. Therefore, it is essential to study and analyse the state of stress around the holes and notches and also the load bearing capacity of these structures or machine components for the optimum design with safe life of component [1].The cause of highly localized or accumulation of stress near the change of cross section or clustering of stress lines at the point of discontinuity is termed as stress concentration [2].The principal cause of stress raisers like holes & notches, because concentrated stresses larger than theoretical cohesive strength will generally cause local plastic deformation and redistribution of stresses [3].There are different ways of determining the stress concentration factor in flat plates. Experimental, numerical and analytical methods are used to determine stress

Recent years, high modulus and high strength was the main concern of the development of advance performance of the composite materials. High strength is not only the objective but also the performance of the material along with ability