 Critically Evaluate Core Transactional Analysis (T.a) Concepts and Practice

To strengthen /integrate his Adult ego state and developed his Free Child. In this case I used TA theory (Berne, E. 1961) in order to analyse and understand the client’s needs and to help understand his depression anxiety and low mood through creativity methods (Gestalt theory; creativity, see Zinker. J.1977). The objective of session 16 and 17 is to gain a better understanding of the clients situation, to raise his self awareness and also to get a better understanding of his internal/external worlds.

These stages result from and are connected to a series of crises that develops a persons identity as he develops and matures from infancy through childhood to adulthood (Munley, 1977). As persons grow and develop also people in his environment also change (Munley, 1977). Coming into contact with more persons and increasing the number of relationships with people is express with in the society in which a person lives (Munley, 1977). The first basic trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus identity confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus despair (Munley, 1977). The time of onset is connected to phase of crisis that is developed in the period in which the individual experienced the crisis. For example, the sense of basic trust versus mistrust in the first crisis by a child in infancy (Munley, 1977). Preceding and corresponding is followed by either greater health and maturity or by increasing weakness (Munley, 1977). The phases in which person face life as children and adults in their life cycle is outlined in Erikson’s eight stage crises (Munley, 1977). Development of basic attitudes in Ian is demonstrated in his personality traits confidence and resilience. Stages of character are built from the outcomes of previous stages of personality development and has ramification for the solution of other crises (Munley,

In the book Games Criminals Play, it designed to assist law enforcement professionals in developing a better perceptive of criminals’ thoughts and behavior by discussing a sequence of ingenious phases, called a 'set-up.’ Prisoners operate this method to manipulate prison staff. Therefore, leading the police and correctional officers into violating the law. Throughout the book, it provides a systematic process of the ‘set-up’ and actual case histories to illustrate how a person can become a victim of a set-up. Additionally, presenting to the readers the ‘protectors’ necessary to hinder the process of a set-up, if the individual suspects they are about to become a victim.

We always regard “GAMES” as “pastimes”, but in reality the functions of games are more than that.

reader infers that there is a specific life plan for each individual in this society. The author also

Children play. The manner in which children have played has frequently changed throughout the years. There was a time where sticks or index fingers were used to symbolize guns or bows in order for children to play “cowboys and Indians.” Later, the same mechanisms were used as children would play “cops and robbers.” Children mimic what they see in reality when it is time to play. However, children are not known to mimic what they play when functioning in real life. For example, children who played “cowboys and Indians” were not known to actually go out and try to harm others in the belief that they actually were cowboys or Indians. These examples are relevant in today’s society as critics of violent video games often attribute violence in reality to the violence in video games. However, videos games are a form of play and, as the previous examples have shown, what a child plays is not reflected in what that child actually does in their real life.

Games in the society work in a comparable way as the parlor walls and the “shell”. They show aggression and gore in every single one of them; whether or not it is a real life game or a video game. Seeing so much violence numbs their minds to all of the happenings around them. Clarisse mentions, “I 'm afraid of children my own age. They kill each other. Did it always used to be that way? My uncle says no. Six of my friends have been shot in the last year alone. Ten of them died in car wrecks” (30). Even if mass genocide were happening around them, they would brush it away like shooing away fly. Being apathetic, they would not question anything

Erik Erikson has developed the psychosocial theory that proposes eight stages across the life span of human development. Each and every one of the stages has a “crisis”, a significant psychosocial topic that is important in that moment. The theories are deliberately having an impact on by social and cultural influence a process of development of the ego and self. “According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crisis that are distinctly social in nature. These involves establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future. (McLeod 2008, p. 1) In this paper I will be talking about each of the main characters in the movie, “On Golden Pond” and what they all go through to a crisis of psychosocial development using Erikson’s theory.

TA is a social psychoanalysis and a method to improve communication. Berne wanted a theory which could be understood and available to everyone and began to develop what came to be called (TA). The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow. Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that:

These violent role-playing games are influencing bad behavior in adolescents. “High-Jinks: Shoot Out,” by Guy Martin reveals the dangers of these games. “All other players are anonymous, so that in the days leading up to the game the school becomes a souk of intelligence-gathering and disinformation.”(Martin) This quote is stating the fact that as the game gets nearer kids start to lie to each other. Lying is something that kids have been taught not to do since they were little. But when they play this game lying becomes okay.

According to Erikson, the development of the lifespan is a lifelong process from birth to death and includes the formation of identity (Broderick & Blewitt, 2010). I will cover in the paper six life events that influence my identity development from childhood to middle adulthood. Each life event will be explained based on the significance of the event as well as the impact the event had on my development. Also, theories will be discussed as they relate to my development.

This psychological interview analysis will compare and summarize the theoretical applications of Erikson’s Theory of Human Development and Levinson’s Life Structure Approach. The subject of the interview, Charlotte McBeth, will express the challenges that arise in the stable and transitional periods of life in a Scottish family, which she expresses in the various aspects of instability and transitional periods that Levinson defines. The death of an infant brother defines one such instability, which reflects the high infant mortality rate and a sense of guilt that Erikson would analyze through the “Initiative v Guilt” stage of childhood. However, Charlotte had a large and supportive family unit, which allowed her to find intimacy in adolescent with her close friend, Rena. In adulthood, Charlotte was able to transition to America by having a family support when leaving Scotland to find better job opportunities abroad. In essence, a summary of Charlotte’s interview will be accompanied by a psychological comparison of Erikson and Levinson’s life development theories.

In a caustic culture, the woeful actor who has been scarred by treachery in the past is unlikely to wait around for several years before they feel comfortable enough to work with a new acquaintance in good faith. Rather, a quicker and surer way to come out ahead is to lull the counterparty into a state of complacency then take advantage of the mark before they can do likewise. In other words, a first strike against the patsy is the swift and safe course of

This methodology encompasses examining the child’s life through many different contexts, such as: demography, history, sociology, biology, developmental psychology, and economics. ( w. website ) The Life Course Perspective takes the combination of the historical and social factors and sees them in an individual’s course of personal development. A life course is defined as a sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over time. ( W. website ) The theory loosely follows the sage old adage, “To know where you’re going, you have to know where you have been.” More precisely, the theory explains that the roles, events or transitions in an individual’s life don’t naturally progress in a structures order, but instead but create the sum of one’s life experience. (website) Transitions play an important role in the life experience.

“In video games, the category of “first person shooters” has been controversial with critics concerned about what that means to players who actually perform acts of violence within the games. Instead of merely watching a character perpetrate a violent act, the player is actively encouraged to participate. Gamers will often refer to their characters as “he” or even “I.” “This suggests some confusion is brought on by the intense identification players sometimes feel towards their avatars. Players typically remain attached to a single character they can control; thus they have a very strong following pattern. Game designer, Will Wright, has argued that games may have a unique ability to make players experience guilt for the choices their characters have made in the course of action. Because players are making choices, they feel some degree of responsibility” (242-243).