Criticism Of Praise ' Praise

Kohn’s first reason is that praise is used to manipulate the children. Kohn says that praise is “sugar-coated control” (Kohn, 110, 2001) adults use to pressure their child into good behavior. Kohn’s second reason is that praising children creates “praise junkies” (Kohn, 111, 2001). He believes that the child will no longer perform an activity for the proper reasons, instead of doing a difficult task to be able to say that they could their motives altered to only desire the

‘recognition that your performance can be improved is accepting that whatever does (or does not) happen in the classroom is in the hands of the teacher’ (2009, p.104)

Praise and feedback should be used and given individually. These two are different but yet the same. Providing praise can build students self-confidence whereas, feedback can have either a positive or negative outcome. With feedback we as educators need to monitor student’s behavior and performance as well. Both should be used before, during, and after a lesson or assessment is given to

In my point of view feedback is an essential tool for learners’ progress. If the student is not assessing their work then they are not learning and given feedback are vital to ensure best practice is maintained and the learners are achieving to their full potential.

All feedback needs to be concerned and supportive; it needs to include both negative and positive feedback. Positive can help us feel good about our self and positive about our skills that have been observed. However to develop further we need negative feedback to make improvements and grow as individuals, and

❖ Don’t forget to use praise when a pupil’s action is appropriate. Use praise and any negative language carefully at the right place and time.

It is always my aim to ensure that feedback is timely and given in a constructive and sensitive manner; and my approach can sometimes be influenced by what I have learned during initial assessment; and as I develop relationships with the learner. I have recently made efforts to encourage my learners to reflect and to self-assess their performance. I feel that this helps to pave the way for me to feedback to the individual and to reduce the risk of de-motivating them.

The praise and encouragement the children receive will instill a sense of self-worth in them. When parents “prais[e] children for their effort, … [it] is… effective… motivating them” (Hammond). The praise can help children realize that their effort is valuable and that with the effort can come possible success. The motivation that their parents provide can be the foundation for self-motivation in the future, which creates more drive to continue with a challenging task. They will be given unconditional self-esteem which is essential in overcoming whatever failure they may encounter, whether it be in school or in social circumstances. Furthermore, the praise the children receive will not blind them from their faults and failures. Will children “who [have] received a trinket after losing a contest… [believe] that [they] … won” (Kohn)? Children have the ability of recognising their own defeat, and the defeat in itself will already put the child down, so a scolding parent will not help the child’s mindset. Instead, when children are encouraged after a defeat and are provided with a positive environment, they will recognise their loss and will become stronger because of it. If they realize that they are worth love and praise even if they make mistakes, they can grow and develop self-confidence

People believe that in order to be Smart, you have to become Smart, in other hands the brain works like a machine, the more you teach it, the more it learns. Usually students with a Growth Mindset are most likely to Succeed in Society. The changes that should be changed in Schools is that Students should be Congratulated on how hard they’ve worked on an Assignment etc.,“Wow… that’s a really good score, must of Worked hard” (25). The Researcher has Experimented the students with Test to see how they do and how they react to it. College students may pick up this Article to Study for Child Behavior, Counselors may also read this Article to get an ideal on how and why students Fail or Succeed. Schools should complement on how they're doing their work for it can motivate them, “We found that intelligence praise encouraged a fixed mindset more often than did pats on the back for effort” (25). Comparing the Two Articles “Marita’s Bargain” shows how they got their Intelligence unlike this article which states why students Fail or Succeed. After all, the students should be Praised for their efforts and not their

Specific Praise. Specific praise includes verbal or written statements to a student that recognize a desired or correct behavior. Praise can function as a tool for instruction and for increasing social and academic behaviors. To be effective, the student must view the attention provided through praise as pleasurable or motivational (Curran, 2017). Specific praise promoted more on‐task behavior than positive praise and significantly increased academic self‐concept (Bizo, 2004). Offering specific praise will help Sam because it sends a message that the teacher is aware of the effort he is putting into staying on task. As time goes on, Sam will desire the teacher’s positive statements. He understands that the statements are the result of him remaining on task and reaching his six-week goal. Sam will also develop an understanding of how to meet the teacher’s expectation. In the end, Sam will mature and advance in his academics. As he matures, the need for constant specific praise will become unnecessary. The added benefit of specific praise is to the teacher. The high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion while attempting to teach in the classroom with Sam will diminish as he progresses.

The praise would come because students were utilizing all their materials, helping each other, and answering questions correctly. These are examples of secondary reinforcers and were more apparent in the classroom; however, there was evidence of a primary reinforcer like security and warmth. Julie would greet the students everyday and provided a warm environment. There were some students that needed more attention than others and Julie was sure to give it to them. The reinforcement was also helpful when it came to motivating the students because they felt secure in this environment and because there was secondary reinforcement such as praise, they were ready to learn and participate. Students can use this reinforcement to create their own motivation. John Marshall Reeve (2013) writes,

Dreikurs did not believe in the use of punishment, reinforcement or praise (Gurcan, T., & Tekin, E). Encouragement was the most meaningful use for preventing problems with students in the classroom. His thought process was that encouragement meant more because it corresponded and related to a child’s goals. Encouragement focuses on the effort from the child rather then the achievement. It gives positive feedback to children who are trying their best but at times might be unsuccessful (Walker, R). It will be the forms of encouragement that keep the students to keep going. Praise being very different from encouragement in that it

When instilled in the young, pride is a building block of a healthy self-esteem. This is important and necessary to promote a positive self-worth. A child needs to hear that he or she has done something well. Praise will reinforce positive characteristics and does not focus on limitations as it builds pride. He or she should be proud of what they have worked for. Winning a competition is not as important as doing one’s best. When someone does their best they try and strive to do even better just winning sets limits. Without a healthy self-worth, the child feels inferior and shame. When a child feels proud of their accomplishments, they feel good about themself. This will encourage the child to continue to perform at his best. Praise for accomplishments fosters pride. Praise can come from a parent, friend, teacher, or even one self. It is also important to teach the child to

This is important because feedback is essential to leaders and managers in light of the fact that workers' activities and practices eventually decide the corporate society and accomplishment of an organization (Harms and Roebuck, 2010). However, Harms and Roebuck recommend a significantly more reaching approach called the “BET and BEAR” model which according to Berry et al. (1996) is an effective mechanism for providing positive and constructive feedback. They further illustrated that the “BET” model which stand for “Behaviour, Effect and Thank you, is to be used for positive feedback while the ‘BEAR” model is for constructive feedback which is used in addressing negative feedback. Hams and Roebuck further encouraged that students should make at least 75% of their feedbacks to their peers’ positive than negative (Berry et al., 1996, cited in Harms and Roebuck, 2019:419).

MATTHEW ARNOLD “THE FUNCTION OF CRITICISM AT THE PRESENT TIME” (1864) Arnold, Matthew. “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.” Critical Theory Since Plato. Ed. Hazard Adams. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1971. 592-603. Pragmatic theorists from Plato onwards have emphasised the impact which literature has on the reader. Here, Arnold, arguably England’s most important cultural critic in the second half of the nineteenth century and someone who has exerted enormous influence on subsequent generations of critics even here in the Caribbean, focuses not on what literature does to the reader but what the reader or critic ought to do to the literary works which he reads. Influenced