Essay CritiqueofResearchStudiesPart1

An explanation of the impact of current research into development and learning of babies and young children.

Throughout this time, I have seen almost every type of child. In the last few years, however, I have noticed a difference in the grouping of kids at the daycare. These two and three years-olds are constantly being tested by specialists for disabilities, whether it be speech, behavioral, or learning. I also hear first hand from elementary school teachers that there are more disruptive children in the classroom than ever before. Sensory processing disorder is more prevalent now than in the past few years, and more children under the age of five are being tested for the disorder. I have wanted to study this topic for a while now, and this assignment is a perfect opportunity to seek the information I

Shuvabrata Poddar, Noufal T. Hameed, Jyoti Mishra Pandey,1 Sayantanava Mitra,2 and Urbi Mukherjee. Psychological interventions in pervasive developmental disorder: An overview .Ind Psychiatry J. 2014 Jul-Dec; 23(2): 94–100.doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.151671 PMCID: PMC4361986

The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2001. Web. 4 November 2016, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC1595080/#. Author is very educated (lots of titles). Article contains a lot of information from other experiments.

Many parents believe that they are the reason why their child acts a certain way. Researchers are unable to pin point exactly what is the cause of sensory integrated problems but are able to narrow down several possible directions such as genetic factors, premature birth, birth trauma, viruses, illnesses, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy and many more. Unable to understand their child’s behavior, parents have chosen to medicate their child to help them focus. These children may show signs of unacceptable or inappropriate behavior such as very active, inattentive, impulsive, impatient or very loud. Even though some parents may believe their child is aware and conscious of their behavior, they are not. Children are having a very difficult time focusing even if they are trying their hardest. Another approach that therapist have found helpful is sensory integration therapy. “Sensory integration therapy also known as SI therapy is a method of treating children who have problems processing sensory stimuli called sensory integration disorder.” Professionals must approach each child with a sensory integration disorder in a positive way. Therapist must challenge the students and create a setting that would allow the students to feel a sense of accomplishment. According to “Helping hyperactive kids” the feeling of success is an important first step in your child’s ability to process sensory stimuli.

Approximately 90% of occupational therapists, who work in school settings, use interventions based on the sensory integration (SI) theory and the understanding of sensory processing to treat sensory processing disorder (SPD) (Ahn, Miller, Milberger, & McIntosh, 2004). A sensory diet is one of the interventions based on the SI theory and consists of a combination of sensorimotor activities designed to provide a child sensory stimuli for facilitating adaptive behavior. The dissertation focuses on investigating the effectiveness of a sensory diet in improving a child’s engagement in school activities.

This section also discusses the theoretical rationale and key components of the sensory diet. The impact of SPD on children’s participation in classroom activities and the development will be discussed using the Occupational Adaptation theory (Schkade & Schultz, 1992; Schultz & Schkade, 1992).

This paper is going to carry out a literature review on cognitive development in infants. The paper will review cognitive development in infants at different stages. Effects of early experience on mental development in infants will also be discussed. The research question and the hypothesis of the research will also be given.

The debate surrounding sensory processing disorder or sensory integration disorder is not a new but is growing within the medical and education fields. Many feel that sensory processing disorder is just the next “it” diagnosis. Others feel that sensory processing disorder is a real and effects many children. Research surrounding sensory processing disorder by itself is limited. Often, the research involving sensory processing is conducted with other disabilities or illnesses. The issues surrounding sensory processing disorder are:

The study was not directed towards nursing practice. The investigator mentions how this is a challenge for health care providers, yet does not speak directly towards nursing professionals. It is difficult to understand who this article is intended. Although the relevance was difficult to find

Sensory Processing Disorder in infants and toddlers is the level of difficulty the infant has with registering, integrating and processing during the developmental stages of the child’s fine motor skills. This also affects social skills and perceptual/cognitive abilities. The infant or child with sensory processing disorder will either experience hypensitivity in regards to being over responsive or will be on the other end of the spectrum experiencing under responsive sensory processing. Activities in the early developmental stage that provide important sensory processing experiences are playing with toys, being held with breastfeeding, taking baths or going to the park.

Individuals with autism often have sensory deprivation, which can lead to negative and self-injurious behaviors. Sensory deprivation causes breakdown in the nervous system, the child then seeks self-stimulation as a way to make up for lack of environmental or natural stimulation (Smith 2002). According to Smith, a sensory stimulation was effective for decreasing self-injurious behaviors in a young adult diagnosed with a developmental and cognitive disability (Smith 2002). When using sensory integration in children with autism, the purpose of the integration is arouse the child in the learning environment and gain the child’s attention to distract from the negative behavior (Smith 2002). There was a study conducted on several children to compare the effects of sensory integration and self-injurious behaviors with severe profound disabilities (Smith 2002). The goal of the study was

Now that I am able to go back and reflect upon my experiences this summer, it is evident that I have learned a lot throughout the duration of this class. I have learned a vast amount of knowledge about sensory processing and occupations in children as well as other professions, such as speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, psychology, and special education. Throughout this semester, it was very interesting to learn about how individuals engage and use sensory processing strategies in naturalistic environments.

The Level of Evidence of this study is level 4. The discussion section of the article matches the article topic. The author was honest that a different type of research should be done to further answer the hypothesis. The author provides clear implications and recommendations for practice labeled as Nursing implications.

Although babies spend most of their time sleeping and eating they still have transitions to different stages. For example, reflexes are the most common for people to recognize the organized patterns of behavior. Also, a crying baby is what everyone recognizes. However, it is somewhat good when the baby cries, because it stimulates strong discomfort that the adults can realize. Usually the baby just needs a diaper change or needs to be feed, but sometimes its more and it is the parent's job to figure out why the baby is crying. The parents have to soothe them; they can do this by rocking, walking, swaddling, and talking softly. The baby also is developing their five senses, so it is important that the parents do not interfere with the development. For example, using screaming very loudly can ruin a baby's hearing. Vision is the one that develops the least. Nerveless, newborns can recognize human faces and want the mother's familiar face instead of a stranger. The most widely used instrument for helping the behavior of the newborn infant is Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). It has helped researchers understand newborns better.