Cromwell's Collaboration In Ireland At The Turn Of The Century

Throughout colonial time there were many beliefs, movements, and conquests that happened within many countries. One of them in which was the spiritual conquest of the Spanish and the Portuguese. This spiritual conquest would undoubtedly be carried over to the Americas. Due to religion being very important to both the Europeans and the Natives this lead to a conflict that cause fights, missions, and resistances to increase.

     One may question, what did the Irish have against the English? The answer one will find is, plenty! In Ireland, the landlords and agents and in American there were bosses and mine owners. The landlords in Ireland lived on large estates in the Irish countryside and charged

The book, “The Irish Way” by James R. Barrett is a masterpiece written to describe the life of Irish immigrants who went to start new lives in America after conditions at home became un-accommodative. Widespread insecurity, callous English colonizers and the ghost of great famine still lingering on and on in their lives, made this ethnic group be convinced that home was longer a home anymore. They descended in United States of America in large numbers. James R. Barrett in his book notes that these people were the first group of immigrants to settle in America. According to him, there were a number of several ethnic groups that have arrived in America. It was, however, the mass exodus of Irish people during and after the great

The people of North Carolina pictured complex courts, labor estates, and the production of silk, however, they eventually realized that governing a colony was a lot more involved than they would have anticipated. North Carolina went through a great deal of religious problems, because there were so many different religions coming into play. During the beginning of their religious controversy, the Anglican Church was known as the original church, as well as the only one that would be funded by the government. Eventually that rule was thrown out because the people began to do their own thing and starting up their own churches/ religion, such as: Baptists, Moravians, The Quakers, Presbyterians and many more. After the religion controversy came the Scot-Irish controversy, were many Scots and Irish began to move toward the Virginia area and began to take away cloth business from England, who in turn came

Oliver Cromwell was born in 25 April 1599. Cromwell Died on 3 September 1658. He rose from fairly humble beginnings to become the most victorious military and political leader of the Civil Wars, who was part of the joint republican, military and parliamentarian effort that caused the downfall of the Stuart monarchy as a result of the English Civil War, and was consequently invited by his associate leaders to assume a head of state role in 1653. As such, Cromwell ruled as "Lord Protector" for a five-year segment (1653–58) of the 11-year period of Republican Commonwealth and settlement rule of England, and technically of Ireland, Wales and Scotland. As one of the commanders of the New Model Army, he played an essential role in the defeat of

From his powerful attacks as a military leader during the English civil war, to his tyrannical leash on England that led to the creation of modern government, Cromwell impacted England in many ways. Oliver Cromwell, otherwise known as Lord Protector, was a roundhead, Puritan expert orator, who ruled England for a time. He helped greatly change England from the Monarchy they were into a republic. Although he did some questionable things, the positive outcomes of Oliver Cromwell outweigh the negatives, therefore he is a hero.

However, nowhere is Cromwell more associated with fevered anti-Catholicism and murder than in Ireland. Cromwell came to Ireland in 1649 pursuing two objectives: to place the island firmly under the control of British leaders and to suppress those Royalists who wanted to return to the status quo, in which English monarchy ruled. Those Loyalists and also Irish Catholics were especially a thorn in the side of Cromwell, as he believed they were all potential traitors and willing to help any Catholic uprising that wanted to attack England. Cromwell personified the anti-Catholicism of his time and he believed he was carrying out the orders from God by taming the Irish. His first target was Drogheda, a town in which he slaughtered thousands of Irish people.

So the Irish tended to be in favor of slavery and against abolition. This was just another reason why many of the people around them did not get along with them, this in turn probably making their lives harder and less enjoyable. However, at the outbreak of the Civil War an estimated 170,000 men born in Ireland joined the Union Army, but only about 40,000 were in the Confederate Army. This occurred because the issue for the Irish was not so much slavery as it was preserving the Union. The church in Boston agreed with Archbishop Hughes that ?It is one country and shall be one?.

This caused many problems because Protestants and Catholics could not live together peacefully. Individuals from both religions did not see the others view. This was one reason that the Enlightenment was needed. Because the members of each religion resented each other so much, many wars were fought. This also brought about new questions as to which religion had the correct beliefs. The religion that was practiced was dependent upon the country, and the leader of that country.4

Irish had often lived in unhealthy and unclean tenements. Then when they arrived in America they too had faced discrimination. They had many organizations conspired against them to ensure the immigrants could not vote, or hold office (Baker 262). “In 1844 controversy arose in Philadelphia over whether Catholic children in public schools could be allowed to read from the Catholic version of the Bible rather than the King James version and other issues”(Baker 262). This caused a violent reaction of the people who were against the Irish and Catholics (Baker 262). “Catholic churches and priests were the most frequent nativist targets” (Baker 262). The Americans had thought that the Irish Catholics had used the U.S voting system to elect followers of the pope so the pope could have some power in the United States. The nativist did not just have conspiracies about the Irish but many other immigrants too (Baker 262).

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The English were making the Irish poor to force them into the protestant church. Under the Penal Laws the Irish Catholics were deprived them of any right to be represented in local government, to vote, or to even own land. Under these harsh conditions it is no wonder woman and children of the time bumbled around town just to find some way to survive as a catholic while protestantism is being shoved down one 's thought.

Cromwell's Responsibility For Expansions And Effectiveness Of Government Between 1530 and 1539 The most influential and controversial thesis concerning Cromwell’s role in the revolution in government in the 1530s was Elton’s ‘The Tudor Revolution in Government’. In this work, Elton asses Cromwell “as the most remarkable revolutionary in English history.”. Elton argued that Cromwell seized the unique opportunity presented by Henry VIII’s martial problems to turn England into a unified, independent sovereign state, ruled by a constitutional monarch through national and bureaucratic institutions. This is certainly true to an extent however it could be argued that these changes were reactionary

Although it was not an issue of Catholics and Protestants, but Episcopalian versus Presbyterian. When the ceasefire came into being and the Scottish parliament started to put out rules they went about reestablishing the Presbyterian church known as kirks and getting rid of Episcopalian churches. Since the Episcopalians were in the minority popular violence allowed their churches to be sacked and the land stolen. Leading to the destruction of many Episcopalian lives. (Urdank, Lecture

against the Protestants. In 1829 Catholics were not suitable for schools throughout Ireland they were only suitable for Protestants. The Catholic peasantry were still called on to pay tithes, and they continued to be harassed by the exactions of tithe-proctors and others, who if the money was not forthcoming, seized the poor peoples cows, furniture, beds, blankets, kettles, or anything they could lay their hands on (History Of Nations 12 Ireland-Scotland p.224).The Catholics were a minority in Ireland much like in the history of Quebec where the English conquered the French, the French were considered lower forms of humans they weren’t up to English standards. As the years past the Catholics started to get back at the Protestants forming the I.R.A. I.R.A. and Protestant killings continued into the early 1900s, Britain began launching multi party- talks with the goal of forging a new assembly for northern Ireland and new relations between the north and Irish republic. By 1999, Protestant and Catholic negotiators had