Cross Tolerance Essay

The classifications of race and gender have intersected and caused conflicts with the lives of those close to me, shaping the social world in which I have grown up.

I will try to explain intersectionality. First of all you need to know what intersectionality is. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework which explains violence or discrimination against humans. Now I will give you an example and then try to connect it to intersectionality. I will use an example of spider web to explain this theory. This example will give you some idea about intersectionality. Think about a spider web. A Point in the centre and all threads connected to each other. If we remove one thread from the spider web, it will fall apart. Now consider yourself. You have some identities and these identities are connected just like spider web and we cannot remove any identity from you. If we remove any identity from you, then

“Zero-tolerance policies punish all offenses severely, no matter how minor.” One’s first impulse may be to speculate that as a result of the policy, schools are safer. There is not however, any clear statistics that the schools are indeed safer. The first step in analyzing the zero-tolerance policy is determining how effective it actually is. The overall goal of the policy is clear – safer schools.

A simple spinal reflex is a reflex—involuntary, graded, patterned response to a stimulus—that is produced via a single synapse between sensory axons and motor neurons and confined to the spinal cord. In this experiment, two simple spinal reflexes—the myotactic reflex and the H-reflex—were stimulated. We compared a) the latency period—the amount of time between a stimulus and the effector response— and the amplitude—magnitude of an electrical signal—of each reflex; then, b) the effect of the Jendrassik Maneuver (JM) upon the latency period and amplitude of each respective reflex. For the myotactic response, a mechanical stimulus, a sharp strike of the patellar tendon, was utilized to elicit a signal in stretch receptors; however, to trigger the H-reflex, an electrical impulse was applied. These reflexes originate from an action potential produced by a sensory neuron when a stimulus is applied. Sensory neurons transmit the action potentials to an integrating center—the spinal cord—where a response is determined. Then, this response is taken back to the effector organ via motor neurons. The reflex occurs while the brain is becoming aware of the stimulus. Furthermore, the myotactic reflex is

Objections 1.Zero Tolerance Polcies help reduce teen crime and violence. The U.S. Department of Justice stated that students are "more likely to be victims of nonfatal serious violent crime away from school than at school”. The U.S Department of Justice found that in November 2004 that violent crime in schools has continued its steady decline in recent years.(Violence, 2008).

The most toxic substance tested was the combination of diazepam and secobarbital sodium with a 96 hour LD50 value of 6.31mg/kg/d when compared to the least toxic substance diazepam with its 96 hour LD50 value of 794.32mg/kg/d. This synergistic effect is due to both barbiturates such as secobarbital sodium and diazepam a benzodiazepine, both are an allosteric activator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and specifically the GABA A receptor. For diazepam binding is localised between the γ- and α- subunits. However, GABA A receptors also contain alternative allosteric modulatory sites for the binding of secobarbital sodium, however the precise location is yet to be determined. Although, the α-subunit is believed to play a role (Löscher & Rogawski, 2012; Makkar, Zhang, &

Muscle strength and neuromuscular control is compromised. This could develop into long-term muscle weakness and motor planning dysfunction. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) could be utilized to help control pain and improve muscle weakness related to arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Evidence shows that TENS is effective in improving maximal voluntary torque and electromyographic signals of muscles (Konishi, McNair, & Rice, 2017). Mr. Versace may benefit from TENS on quadriceps femoris muscle to minimize muscle strength deterioration

The biological mechanisms underpinning the effects of opioid-tolerance on local anaesthetic effectiveness are complicated. It is simpler to consider the effects of local anaesthetics on the body and the effects of opioid-tolerance separately.

Review Sheet Results 1. Describe how increasing the stimulus frequency affected the force developed by the isolated whole skeletal muscle in this activity. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: When the stimulus frequency was at the lowest the force was at its lowest level out of all of the experiments. As the stimulus frequency was increased to 130, s/s the force increased slightly but fused tetanus developed at the higher frequency. When the stimulus frequency was increased to the amounts of 146-150 s/s, the force reached a plateau and maximal tetanic tension occurred, where no further increases in force occur from additional stimulus frequency. 2. Indicate what type of force was developed by the isolated skeletal muscle in this activity at the following stimulus frequencies: at 50 stimuli/sec, at 140 stimuli/sec, and above 146 stimuli/sec. Your answer: At 50- Unfused

Viperitoxin decreased the twitch response by around 52-53% and decreased the KCl response by around 113%. There was no CCh response as it was not tested. Taipoxin decreased the twitch response by 83%, whilst the CCh response did not change, but increased the twitch response of KCl by 18%. For α-bungarotoxin, the twitch response decreased by 97%, whereas the CCh response by decreased 84% and the KCl response decreased by 19%.

Background and Aims: Opioid agonists, such as morphine and codeine, causes a reduction in acetylcholine (ACh) release from presynaptic ganglionic nerves. It is reported that tolerance develops following prolonged exposure to these drugs. The aim was to compare two opiate agonists and investigate the effects of opioid antagonist (naloxone) on morphine. This study also examines whether or not prolonged exposure to morphine results in the development of tolerance.

The nervous system of the human body is composed of two units; the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. To get to the focus of this paper, which encompasses the pharmacology of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, it must be understood that the peripheral nervous system further breaks down into motor and sensory neurons, and the motor neurons even further breakdown into the somatic and autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is then divided into the sympathetic division and parasympathetic divisions which, “controls involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscle”. (68, book). The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions have actions that oppose each other and the drugs used for each reflect this in how they interact with the body. Depending on the reaction that is wanted from a particular drug used, there are also considerations that need to be addressed prior to make sure the right reaction will occur. Although they are small divisions of the peripheral nervous system, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are vital to the nervous system and the human body as a whole.

The majority of GABAA receptors contain an alpha-1, 2, 3 or 5 subunits. The receptor allows for the transmission of Cl- anions when its ligand, GABA, docks to it between the alpha and beta subunits. The binding of GABA to its receptor enlarges the chloride channels, and so allowing more chloride ions to move into the neuron, hyperpolarising it. The effect of this is to slow down the rate of neuronal firing. It also contains other allosteric binding sites, allowing for benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, meprobamate and other drugs to affect it. The subunit to which a benzodiazepine binds is shown to contribute to its effects: binding at the alpha-1 or 5 subunits leads to sedation, while binding to the alpha-2 or 3 subunits is associated with

Schools need to maintain a disciplined and safe learning environment. There are many disciplinary actions that are in use today and although some can disagree about the amount of discipline that is best for maturing children, it is reasonable to be in agreement that a positive learning environment begins with physical and emotional safety. School safety includes a broad range of matters, including, fighting, bullying, drugs, alcohol, weapons, and etc. Many schools use varying methods in an effort to maintain school safety. Some schools limit school access and require all visitors to sign in. Physical surveillance is another common method of addressing school safety issues along with use of staff and student identification. Among all these

Tolerance. It is a word synonymous with peace, good will, brotherly love, acceptance and forgiveness. It is a virtue that is essential in a world filled with racial and religious discrimination. But at the same time tolerance, or, more specifically, the modern, politically correct definition of tolerance, holds some very dangerous pitfalls which, if our government, and we, as a people are not careful of, could be crippling to the individualism, and the religious diversity of Canada, and the world.