Cross culturally fertility and childbearing are a major concern due to the significance of passing

Also, this article addresses the issues of health and reproductive health in particular. Issues around reproductive choices have been a controversial topic for many decades. The author does a good job of describing what it is like not to be able to reproduce and how shameful that can feel. Understanding organizational culture is key. Leaders have a duty to find out the motives and professional biases that the organization has according to

152) required their reproduction and choosing to be childless was “non-normative” (p. 152). One participant believed that choosing to remain childless would be more readily accepted by those that did not intimately know him and viewed more negatively by those closest to him (p. 151). I feel this is a very apt assessment of society’s views on childlessness; it is easy to justify the projection of one’s personal beliefs onto someone that we closely know as opposed to a stranger. However, I also believe it depends on the projecting person’s ideas about social norms. I know several single and married couples that have decided to either delay childbearing or refrain altogether and I find no fault in their decision. I do not necessarily believe that it is imperative a person and/or couple have children. Nevertheless, I believe the subject belongs in the “Spouses-Only Area” (Hammond, Cheney, & Pearsey, 2015), and is not one I should pass judgment on. People should be allowed to make a decision that best suits them and not judged or pressured to fit some preconceived mold or

“Jennifer Bradshaw’s Experience with Infertility” is a very interesting case study. Just as many children do, Jennifer had dreams and aspirations. This case study specifically speaks about Jennifer’s dream of becoming a mother. This essay will address the theoretical perspective that would best address Jennifer’s emotional battle with infertility and the treatment plan recommended for this theory. (Hutchinson, 2015)

For quantitative research, Experiences of sub-fertility among Chinese couples in Hong Kong: a qualitative study (Loke, A, Yu P, Hayter M (2011) would be used.

The study utilized a phenomenological research methodology to study the impact infertility has had on the couples lives. This method provides a clear portrayal of the meaning of parenthood for couples, the dynamics of relationships, and the thoughts and how the self is impacted by infertility.

The right to have children is understood in very different ways and people’s ethics and values are put to the test each and everyday when they find out they not only must take care of themselves but the lives of another human being. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted this statement regarding the right to bear children “men and women of full age, without any limitations to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and found a family”[1]. This concept has been viewed in multiple ways and according to ethical theorists; they agree that no rights are absolute. However, it is said that for women at least, there is a fundamental privilege to have children. The right to

In a culture that exalts motherhood to the highest conceivable honor a woman can achieve there is a group of people that are only recently talked about that are stigmatized – they are women who do not have children--the childless or child free women.

The modern world is in the midst of reconstructing gender roles; debates about contraception, reproductive freedom, and female inequality are contentious and common. The majority now challenges the long established assertion that women’s bodies are the eminent domain of patriarchal control. In the past, a woman’s inability to control her reproductive choices could come with ruinous consequences. Proponents of patriarchal control argue against reproductive independence with rhetoric from religious texts and with anecdotes of ‘better days,’ when women were subservient. Often, literature about childbearing fails to acknowledge the possibility of women being uninterested in fulfilling the role of motherhood.

THE NO-BABY BOOM, by Anne Kingston, published in March 2014 was about the social infertility rates of twenty-first century women. Kingston uses credible evidence that shows that she wants to promote awareness and change the perception of how society views the topic of infertility. The way Kingston presents the information to the reader is by providing statistics, personal stories, and her personal opinion on the idea of the “childless” mother. Readers this is most likely to appeal to is people who are struggling with infertility. The concern and values throughout this article is the infertility rate of women and the way it affects their life styles. The reason that Kingston published this article is to let people become more aware of the

Adoption is very popular throughout the United States. Most women can’t conceive or maintain a pregnancy, so if they really want a child, they’re forced to adopt. Infertility has increased dramatically throughout the past few years. Couple of issues have encouraged such discussion as has the theme of premature birth.

Within the first page of this book, Susan Martha Kahn explains how “many Israelis have enthusiastically embraced new reproductive technologies as reasonable solutions to childlessness (Kahn 2000:1),” which sets the tone for this account as a whole, presenting the idea that childlessness is a problem to be solved in Israeli culture. This idea is engrained in the culture, and a barren woman is the center of sympathy. The biblical decree to “be fruitful and multiply” has a very important role for Jewish individuals, many of whom consider reproduction as “an imperative religious duty” Kahn 2000: 3). There is an evident pressure to become a parent in this kinship system, and this pressure falls on virtually all women, regardless of marital status. Many women use New Reproductive Technologies (NRTs) in order to fulfill this duty and give into this pressure, whether explicitly or implicitly; as many women desire to follow the Bible’s commandment, some wish to evade constant questions regarding children, others simply wish to become a mother to fit into the role they picture themselves in, and taking advantage of these treatments is a last resort for some to achieve motherhood (Kahn 2000:17). However, it is important to recognize that, as explained by a rabbi, “she is not obligated to procreate… the obligation to procreate only falls on the man” (Kahn 2000:57). Despite the male obligation to reproduce, women are still socially expected to become mothers. This access to NRTs makes

Almost all humans have a biological urge to have a child. However this biological urge is not always easily fulfilled for some humans because they suffer from infertility. Currently one in six Canadian couples is categorized as being infertility (Government of Canada, 2013). The World Health Organization defines infertility as a “disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (World Health Organization, 2014). The inability to have a child naturally is a devastating medical diagnosis and many infertility couples will only have a biological child with medical intervention. The most effective medical treatment for infertility is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). IVF is the process of collecting a women’s eggs, and fertilization them with sperm then replanting the eggs into the women’s uterus (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 2011). IVF is an expensive medical treatment that many infertilitie Canadians will need to use to fulfill their urge to a child. Even though one in six Canadian couples is define as infertilities the majority of Canada’s provincial governments do not fund infertility treatment through their health plans. Section one will examine New Public Management style of public administration. This section will look at why New Public Management developed. Who was the first government to use NPM. The benefits and cons of NPM.

The author presents concentrated statistical facts from the 2006 U.S census which showed the level of child free individuals was 18.8 percent, double the 1976 U.S census. However, in the past three decades’ women in their low to mid-forties (40-44) that have no children per the 2010 census bureau has doubled to 18.8 percent. Research has also conformed to five categories for different types of childless women they are the following: Hedonist, Emotional, Idealistic, and Practical. She further states that this not just confined to the United States but a global event. For instance, a study of women in Australia showed that 1 out of 5 chose not to have children. The author points out that the child free movement is not solely isolated to women, but men also. For instance, she uses celebrities such as Jay Leno, Dr. Seuss, Steve Martin, and Stockard Channing who all have no children. The author goes on to state that from the research that was conducted that many men feel there is too much to lose being a

In the persuasive essay for Unit Four, I will be using this source to help persuade the reader to have the same opinion as I do on this subject. In this article, John Smeaton, national director of the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children, said, “One has tremendous sympathy for couples who suffer infertility problems. But

Artificial reproductive technology (ART) is defined as procedures which stimulate a woman 's ovaries to produce eggs, the eggs are then removed, combined with sperm, and then returned to a woman 's body (Bell, 2016). ART is becoming more and more popular throughout that globe. This method of conceiving children gives women who may be struggling with infertility options that were not possible before the advent of such methods. ART is relevant to the sociological definition of global health because it is evidence of the fact that our world has become interdependent especially when it comes to medical technology. However with ART comes the notion of the culture of disguise and in many countries this is an integral part of artificial reproductive technology process. With that being said, sociologists should look to study and understand the culture of disguise in ART as it pertains to global health and it shapes interactions between people and the society they live in.