Crucial Cosmological Truth

In the following paper, I will outline Samuel Clarke’s “Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument” and restate some of the points that he makes. Samuel Clarke’s argument for the existence of God states that “There has existed from eternity some one unchangeable and independent being” (37). The argument follows a logical flow and can be better understood when the structure is laid out and the argument reconstructed.

Just under seven years ago, astronomers using the Hubble space telescope presented results they hoped would help answer one of the most contentious issues in astronomy of the 20th century – the question of the distance scale of the universe. But there was some unease when the result was announced. According to the report, other galaxies were close enough that, extrapolating backwards from their current rate of recession and making adjustments for the influence of gravity, they all would have been together (that is, the Big Bang would have occurred) as recently as 8 billion years ago. Unfortunately, there was strong evidence already in place that some stars were at least 12-15

Celebrated on October 31st, the festival of Halloween (also known as Samhain) includes dressing in costume, trick or treating, and decorating. Tracing back in history Halloween is considered to be one of America’s oldest holidays, and is still celebrated today. Halloween is believed to come from Celtic rituals. Celtics believed the cosmological myth of Saman (Lord of the Dead). Saman would call on the souls of the people that passed away that year to take them to the afterlife or underworld; the Celtic underworld identifies with the Christian Hell. In order for the spirits to believe they were on their own, the living would wear costumes and mask their identities, along with fairies, witches and demons. This functions as a cosmological myth because it provides a creation story and framework in which this universe occupies and includes many other realms of existence. Another tradition that followed was to give food to the Saman, to persuade him to be more tolerant while he judged the dead ancestors of the living, which he would chose to take to the underworld. In this essay I will further investigate what the origins of Halloween consist of and how it offers reasoning for trick-or-treating. Also I will examine how trick-or-treating, which is still continued today, is connected to ancient Celtic festivals.

The ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments collectively strive to prove one point, the existence of God. Ontological arguments lean on reasoning to prove its point of an a priori being or existence. Cosmological arguments focus on the idea that our infinite and expanding universe had to have been created by God or a higher being, due to the complexity of the universe itself. Teleological argument emphasizes on the idea that God constructed the universe for the sole purpose of completing an end result in which the universe was made for.

Since then, the origin of the universe became a very big question to everyone. The curiosity we possess help us seek answers from different questions we can think of. Different hypotheses and ideas were formed with great scientific evidence to prove that the universe began as a single primordial atom. The scientists even found out that the universe is expanding because of the great amount of dark matter present in it. However, with these ideas, the religious thinking of people could not be removed. The concept of God being the Creator of all the things that existed contradicts the views of the theories formed. The stories and verses contained in the bible are different from the results of studies connected to it. Here, I investigate the things

Parmenides of Elea once presented the expression ex nihilo nihil fit, which translates to nothing comes from nothing for one of his many theses. The Cosmological Argument, an argument of the posteriori category, meaning that it requires data based on past experiences, argues for the existence of God with this type of expression at its core. By attempting to prove how the universe must be influenced by an independent being that has godlike qualities, cosmological arguments suggest that it is rational to believe in an omnipotent being and its accountability of creating the universe.

However, the conflict between illusion and reality afflicts not only the masses but the individuals

Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary, delusional, (only) in the mind, dreams, what is false, what is

The visual perception field is a very old are of study in psychological research. From ancient Greece to modern day scholars, philospher and psychologists have been studying on visual perception for centruries. As a result of people studying visual perception for such a lengthy amount of time, ground breaking researches have been conducted by many observers like Emil Emmert. In1881 it was found by Emil Emmert that an objects size afterimage seems to vary in size based on whether it is positioned close or farther away. When near by the object looks small. And the farther away it gets, the size of the object becomes noticeably larger. It’s perceived size is thought to be fixed on the retina and as it increases the perceived distance is also thought to increase consecutively. This

The cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument which intends to prove that there is an intelligent being that exists; the being is distinct from the universe, explains the existence of the universe, and is omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent and omnibenevolent. The basic notion of cosmological arguments is that the world and everything in it is dependent on something other than itself for its existence. It explains that everything has a cause, that there must have been a first cause, and that this first cause was itself uncaused.

According to the ancient Aztec religion, in the beginning there was a God named Ometechutli who was both male and female. Ometechutli represented opposites and was both good and bad, chaos and order. Being male and female, Ometechutli could procreate asexually. Ometechutli created four Gods; Xipe Totec who was the God of agriculture, fertility and the north. Huizilopochtli, who was the God of war, the sun, and the south. Quetzalcoatl the God of learning, knowledge, and the east. Lastly, there was Tezcatilpoca; who was the God of the west and evil power. Aztec’s great empire was believed to be around the centre of the universe, so these directions were very important to Aztec’s. The four gods began created the universe; producing water and other Gods. Within the waters was born a sea monster called Cipactli who dwelled in the water and had the body of a fish but the head of a crocodile. Although, every other creature the gods created would fall into the sea and be eaten by Cipactli. The Gods destroyed the sea monster and from his head formed 13 heavens; the tail 7 underworlds and its body became the earth. However, in order to complete the world a great source of energy needed to be created, which was the sun. The sun had to be created through a sacrifice of a God. Four attempts were made through sacrifice, however, only the fifth try was successful. On the fifth attempt, Tecuciztecatl offered for himself to be

There have been many theories concerning what the universe looks like, how it became this way, and where it is going. The most popular theory that people hold today is that the universe began when all the matter ever present in the universe was contained in a tiny speck and that spec exploded. This is known as the Big Bang. This theory has developed a great deal since it was first conceptualized and continues to evolve today. Many different scientists have had a hand in this.

To begin, we start with an a posteriori argument, or an argument from experience. Arguments from experiences of the world to the existence of God are called cosmological arguments. This particular argument is the argument from motion.

Astronomers believed the Universe was created about 14 billion years ago. During that time, the entire Universe was inside a bubble that was thousands of times smaller than a pinhead, and it was insanely hot and dense. Out of nowhere this little bubble started expanding. This expansion created what we know as the Universe. In such little time the Universe went from the size of an atom to the ginormous galaxy we have that is continuously growing.

The article was chosen for more than its connection to cognition and the material being studied in class. The article interested both students in more ways than one. The idea of reality being a perception that changes from person to person is not something people think about explicitly. It is merely by reading the article that one can take an interest in the fact that each person perceives the world in a different way. Even more so, this perception can be altered by having, or not having, a specific structure in the