Crude Oil and Hydrocarbons Essay

Polymers a large molecules made up of a chain of smaller molecules, known as monomers. The monomers that a polymer is made up of decide its structure and therefore it's function. These monomers are linked and coiled in a very specific manor giving the polymer a specific tertiary structure (an extensively coiled and linked polymer chain caused as a result of the formation of more bonds forming). This tertiary structure is crucial to the function of a polymer as it denotes the necessary shape of the complementary molecule. This is easier explained through an example.

To keep it as simple as possible, (K.I.S.S.) this topic involves the study of: 1. POLYMERS FROM PETROCHEMICALS & BIOMASS

There are several methods by which industry converts purified ethylene gas into polyethylene; a commonly used one is by means of a fluidized reactor bed. Before ethylene is sent to the fluidized bed, it needs to be first compressed and heated, then metallic catalyst particles are used to keep polyethylene molecules stuck together (this is done when the ethylene enters the reactor). Lastly, polyethylene comes out of the reactor as granular powder, which is later melted and extruded into plastic products (University of Washington).

Gasoline are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (Gary et al, J., 2007) additives, and blending agents. The composition of gasoline depends on the refinery processes, the crude oil used, the overall balance of product demand, and the especially the product specifications. The typical composition of gasoline hydrocarbons (% volume) is: 4-8% alkanes; 2-5% alkenes; 25-40% isoalkanes; 3-7% cycloalkanes; l-4% cycloalkenes; and 20-50% total aromatics (0.5-2.5% benzene). Table 1 shows

Other raw materials isolated from petroleum are benzene and xylenes, made to make polystyrene, nylons, and polyesters.

Natural gas also comes from marine organisms which accumulate as organic sediment in oceans or inland seas. Over long periods of time, the organic matter was covered by sediment and more sediment. The action of anaerobic bacteria, and the increasing temperature and pressure of being compacted and great depths turned organic material into hydrocarbons.

When some nonrenewables are processed, byproducts are created. These byproducts can be useful. For example, the byproducts of crude oil processing can be used to create chemicals, plastics, and common consumer items like bicycle tires and

Petrol is obtained, not only by fractional distillation of crude oil, but also by cracking of hydrocarbons from heavy fractions.

amount of natural gas or oil. Once the well is ready then tonnes of gallons

It involves taking the biomaterial waste from the processing of another biomass and turning it into a useable fuel. Theoretically, dependent on the sustainable harvest of sugarcane, there is nearly a limitless supply of bagasse derived methanol. For the one mega joule of fossil fuel energy that goes into production, eight mega joules of methanol are yielded. This output/input index suggests it to be a highly renewable fuel

Gasoline is a flammable liquid that is made from the refinement of petroleum or better known as crude oil. It helps fuel cars, farm machinery, planes and other type of engines. What is petroleum? It’s a fossil fuel that supplies energy around the world than any other source out there. Petroleum, including gasoline is primarily a mixture between hydrocarbons and small amounts of other substances. In 1994, its known that the United States used up to 7,587,00 barrels of oil a day which concludes that America is the worlds largest consumer in oil. The majority of today’s crude oil is located along side the Persian Gulf Basin with some amounts in Alaska and in

crude oil allowed in at the bottom of the tower at a time so that the

cracking ethane was estimated to cost $400 million to $500 million, a plant for cracking naphtha

The oil and gas industries involve a high amount of documentation for both transportation as well as extraction and field services. Activities are highly regulated, and subject to oversight from Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the Department of Transportation (DoT), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Department of the Interior (DoI). That said, the process of regulation is trending toward a more digitized system, with organizations like FERC having their own submission portals that implement a “fill-in-the-blank” platform to complete forms. However, not all forms have yet been converted to digital submission even in agencies with online portals, and other agencies still remain reliant on

We need oil because it burns to produce energy. We use it to run a vehicle, to heat a building, and to produce electric power in a generator. My family use it for our car which is important because our car gets us to school, my mother to work, and my sisters to their school activities. Oil is also used as a raw material to create products such as plastics, and hundreds of other intermediate goods. Those goods include; paint for houses, carpets, trash bags, and tool boxes. Some other materials that are made from oils are hair coloring, nail polish, shampoo, and vitamin capsules. One of the main types of oils we use everyday is gasoline. Gasoline is the main petroleum product consumed in the United States. Another type of oil consumed is distillate fuel oil, which includes diesel fuel and heating oil. Diesel fuel is used in the diesel engines of heavy construction equipment, trucks, buses, tractors, boats, trains, some automobiles, and electricity generators. Heating oil, also called fuel oil, is used in boilers and furnaces to heat homes and buildings, for industrial heating, and for producing electricity. Hydrocarbon gas