Cryptococcosis Essay

Finally, the diseases that fungal and bacterial pathogens cause are completely different. Fungal diseases are rarer and more likely to be fatal. One of the most fatal fungal pathogens is Candida. Candidiasis infections have many types the most common non-fatal type is oral also known as thrush. Invasive Candidiasis infections occur if Candida yeast gets in your bloodstream and you have a weakened immune system and a yeast infection goes untreated. Candidiasis infections have a forty to fifty percent mortality rate for systemic infections (Hidalgo, 1994-2013). Bacterial diseases are more common and there are so many different types. Some bacterial infections are Botulism, Lyme disease, and gonorrhea. Botulism is a disease that causes neuroparalysis because of a

This particular bacterium is not one that inhabits a specific geographical region as it colonizes within the human body. The disease is

S. agalactiae is frequently colonizes rectovaginal tract. S. agalactiae is found in 15-40% of adult women, and there is a 1% chance to be transmitted vertically from mother to infants before or during birth. This type of infection is divided into early-onset and late-onset infections. Early-onset infection, is one of the most common infection among neonates with a mortality rates of 4 to 6% in the United States. This type of infection is characterized with shock and breathing difficulties and occurs at birth or within the first 6 days of life. This infant probably had become infected by ascending spread of the organism from the maternal genital tract to the amniotic fluid, in which the bacteria colonize and multiply within the respiratory tract of the fetus and causes pneumonia. Also, this bacteria may enter the respiratory tract and spread to the

Cryptococcus gattii is a fungus that lives in the soil associated with certain trees and causes the infection C. gattii Cryptococcus’s. In mild climates, the fungus survives in soil and grows in tree bark. Douglas-firs carry the fungus. The fungus occurs in the top 15cm of the soil, on trees, wood chips, mulch, and other natural “reservoirs.” Fungus spores are aerosolized through soil disturbance. (https://www.emlab.com/s/sampling/env-report-03-2012.html) The microscopic fungus C. gattii can infect people after breathing it in from the environment. Cryptococcus’s affects the lungs or the central nervous system; mainly the brain and spinal cord. When the brain is infected they call it cryptococcal meningitis. Both humans and animals can become infected after inhaling airborne, dried yeast cells or spores from the

The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier Parry 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825.

In response to these comments, it was then that the FDA added three additional pathogens to the list of qualifying pathogens: Coccidiodes species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis is a disease caused by fungi from the genes of Cryptococcus that affect living organisms such as humans and animals. Living organisms usually contract this by inhaling the fungi, thus resulting in lung infection that can travel to the brain causing further harm for the organism. Two individuals were first identified with the fungus between 1894 and 1895. The Cryptococci’s can be found worldwide. The main way that disease is spread is also through inhalation with the particular fungus that happens to be associated with several species of bird, particularly old pigeon waste and bat guano.

Cyber Crime is described as criminal activity committed via use of electronic communications with respect to cyber fraud or identity theft through phishing and spoofing. There are many other forms of cyber-crime also such as harassment, pornography etc. via use of information technology.

People across the world are becoming disproportionately dependent on modern day technology, which results in more vulnerability to cyber-attacks including cybersecurity breaches. Today, the world continues to experience inordinate cases of cybersecurity meltdowns. There is a rapid growth in complexity and volume of cyber-attacks, and this undermines the success of security measures put in place to make the cyberspace secure for users. Cyber-attacks on both private and public information systems are a major issue for information security as well as the legal system. While most states require government organizations and certain federal vendors to report incidences of data breaches, no equivalent legislation exists to cover private entities.

In the previous five years, cybersecurity has turned into the most looked for after calling around the world. More than 90 percent of respondents to an overview directed by the Ponemon Institute (2011) detailed being a casualty to cyberattacks amid the most recent year, costing all things considered more than $2 million for each association. This number keeps on ascending as the two programmers and security devices progress. As indicated by PwC, roughly 33% of all U.S. organizations are as of now utilizing digital protection (Lindros and Tittel, 2016).

albicans can gain an advantage over the normal bacterial flora. Two common substances are steroids and birth control pills. These both act to alter the host’s body chemistry in a way that is favorable to the over growth of C. albicans. If the host is immunocompromised to begin with as in the case of AIDS patients or organ transplant receivers that are on immunosupresive drugs C. albicans infections are very prominent. A common symptom among AIDS patients is oral thrush, where there is a huge over population of C. albicans on the back of the hosts tongue, it appears as white speckles.

In today’s world technology has evolved to the point where a large amount of information is stored in cyberspace. It is because of this type of storage people around the world have an easier time at accessing information than ever before. The time before the late 20th century gathering information was long and tedious to get a book that the library did not own would take at least a couple of weeks depending on the time period or it may not have been possible to obtain that book. But now people can access a vast amount of information in a matter of minutes. Example, in modern times if someone wanted to know about a different culture they could simple look up the information on a computer or any device that had access to

Encryption is a method of programming data for security so that it appears to be random data. Only the people sending and receiving the information have the key to decrypt the message, which will put it back into its original form making it readable. The only people with the key are the people who are intended to read the message. Not many people know what encryption is. I took a survey of twenty students and asked two questions. The first question I asked was do you know what encryption means and the second question I asked was have you ever heard of anybody using encryption. This is a chart of the information I received:

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidial species of the genus Cryptosporidium. The parasite is covered by an outer shell that allows it to live outside the body for extensive periods of time and makes it resistant to chlorine-based sanitizers (Rossle & Latif, 2013). Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the most usual causes of waterborne disease in humans worldwide. Cryptosporidium lives in the intestine of infected humans or animals and is passed in the stool of an infected person or animal (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Millions of Cryptosporidium parasites are discharged in a bowel movement from an infected human or animal. Infection usually happens by ingesting the parasite accidentally. Cryptosporidium may be found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been infected with the feces from humans or animals carrying the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).

Cyber Security also called computer security and IT security, is the assurance of data from theft or any harm to the gadget, the product and information stored on hardware. It incorporates controlling physical access to the equipment and additionally ensuring against code or data injection or via network access.

The Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines cyber security measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack Most people think that hackers are just people that want to mess up your computer, but real hackers break into systems because they want to see what they can do, then they might leave a message on the victims computer, but that’s it. So, the computer security people protect from those other hackers that want to mess up peoples computers. The means we take can as individual to protect ourselves in the cyber world is be anyomous on websites, don’t post your personal information ,have virus protection install on your computer, get spy