Cryptography And The Egyptian Tomb Of A Nobleman

The oldest record discovered by archaeologists dates back as far as 1900 B.C. in the town of Menet Khufu. In the tomb of Khnumhotep II, an Egyptian nobleman, symbols (also known as “hieroglyphics”) were uncovered that depicted a message (See figure 1, Appendix). However, upon closer examination, it became apparent that many of the symbols were unusual, if not entirely fake. It can be easily determined that this message was in the form of cryptography. A cipher is “an algorithm, process, or method for performing encryption and decryption” and “has a set of well-defined steps that can be followed to encrypt and decrypt messages” (Mcdonald), and undoubtedly what the hieroglyphic message is, having such unusual symbols. Throughout the following years of Egyptian civilization, cryptography became more common and the substitution of hieroglyphics was used by scribes, whether it be to “preserve the sacred nature of their religious rituals from common people” who lacked the skills to read and write at an advanced level”, or that “the scribes wanted to give a formal appearance to their writings” (Mcdonald). Either way, cryptography continued to have an effect on the Egyptians, soon spreading its sophistication to other areas of the Ancient

In Ancient times written languages had been some of the tools that they used to communicate. “The designation ‘hieroglyphics’ is a Greek word; the Egyptians referred to their writing as medu-netjer ‘the god’s words’, as they believed writing had been given to them by the great god Thoth” (Mark). The Egyptians believed that hieroglyphics were given to them as a special gifts from their god. Another thing is that they used hieroglyphics to represent their

Mummification is an ancient egyptian burial rite that is centered around preparing the soul of the deceased for the afterlife. There are multiple steps involved in the process of mummification and several objects with different functions used to perform this burial rite. Mummification is centered around the thought that death was merely physical and your soul continued living, with the ability to take distinct action, in the afterlife. Everyone desired to be mummified, however the extent of the mummification depended on the wealth of the family involved. Mummification was also generally not a rite reserved for criminals and lawbreakers since the idea behind mummification is for the deceased to have an easier afterlife.

In the article “Mysteries of Egypt” Canadian Museum of History it is explained that mystery surrounds the Egyptian origins. The first civilization was along the Nile River which nourished the Pharaonic Kingdom. The Nile River attracted all sorts of life, like during the pre-dynastic times nomadic hunters grew crops. The first communal project was the building of irrigation canal. The Egyptians believed that the sun represented the eternal cycle of birth, Pharaohs were seen as gods and after death would become immortal and would join the gods. Funerary practices included mummification and the burial in tombs to help the dead find their way. The most impressive tombs are the pyramids they were also vary ambitious projects. And the largest

On both sides of the Revolution, the art of espionage was responsible for discovering military movements, tactics, and fortifications of the opposing side. Spies often relied on invisible ink to protect messages, along with a unique cryptogram of over 700 number-to-word codes for common words, names, and phrases. Even fake letters were created to be purposely intercepted, thus throwing off the enemy.

The Sphinx was built as a tomb for the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom in Egypt. The mixed form, both animal and human, is significant, especially since they were normally just built as regular pyramids. It is an important symbol of Egyptian kingship and religion because pharaohs were expected to be a form of a god that is capable of living on earth in person form.

Imagine you’re an archeologist exploring Egypt and you find an old tomb, one that has not been ransacked. Strangely, the mummy is a pharaoh in only a rich man’s tomb and it turns out this ruler died young. The mummy is King Tutankhamun and he was killed by Aye, his chief advisor. Aye killed King Tut for power over Ancient Egypt. Evidence shows that the pharaoh had many injuries before his death.

Encryption on the other hand, is nothing new to humans.It has been used for millenniums, and can be traced as far back as ancient Egyptian history. There are many famous, but one stands out. Caesar Cipher, which is working on a very simple system, shifting the alphabet. This code is very simple to break, but there are other codes that are much harder. Equatorie of Planetis is a substitution cipher as well, but is not a shift of the alphabet. The way to solve this cipher is based on a letter system that’s called frequency analysis .It can be decoded with a method called frequency

According to the Newton's Telecom Dictionary, cryptography is, "the process of concealing the contents of a message from all except those who know the key," (207). It is also defined as ". . . the science, or art, of secret writing," (Huffman 2). The word "cryptography" originated

Mysteries of ancient Egypt attracted the attention of archeologists and ordinary people for many centuries. An enormous impact on the history of Egypt was religion, it shaped the everyday life of all the egyptians. They wanted an afterlife in Aaru, heaven. It was the ultimate goal. People 's lives were rotating around religion, and everything that was tangent to it.

Looking at the Ancient Egyptian culture, when Egypt was still young, but rapidly growing, the belief in the afterlife was common knowledge and was unchallenged for many centuries. Due to the wealth that the king and queen displayed, the average citizen was not able to compare to them. The kings were buried with a great deal of material wealth, which was intended to help them in their journey into the afterlife. The wealth was represented in a variety of carvings and materials. From the most common cup to gold chariots, the material wealth leaves no doubt that the components are important to the understanding of the Ancient Egyptian culture that is shown in the tombs of Khufu, Khafre, and Menakure. These kings built pyramids to hold all of

(1) In 1801 a French boy named Jean Francis Champillion saw a copy of the Rosetta Stone. One of the most intriguing archaeology finds of all time. (2) Dug up by an Arab worker near the Nile, the strange shaped stone has three bands of writing carved across its highly, polished black surface. (3) One of them bands is written in the script of ancient Greece, another is written in the even ancient Egypt script called hieroglyphics. (4) It's true that many more has been written in Greek than hieroglyphics. (5) Still, there wasn't no one in the world who could read hieroglyphics at that time. (6) Champillion couldn't help dreaming that he would be the first. (7) Six years later, Champillion was the more promising young professor at the university

The website http://en.wikipedia.org says “ Egyptians hieroglyphics were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt.” In other words hieroglyphics are small symbols and there are about 1,000 of those symbols in the writing system. They can look like birds, snakes, different shapes, and even people! Some hieroglyphics can mean multiple letters like A,C,H,and Y all share the same hieroglyphic with another letter. As a result hieroglyphics are the Egyptian writing system.

The main idea of Stolen Legacy is to prove that the ancient Egyptian teachings and education was taught to certain historical figures, was then brought to Athens and taught there and then passed of as Greek philosophy, basically Stolen. Men that went down in history as "great philosophers" or " great thinkers" were the ones that made it seem as if they were creating this knowledge. Men such as Socrates, who was from Athens; Plato, also from Athens; and even Aristotle who was from Greece but was forced to leave when Socrates was sentenced to death.

form of a bird usually a falcon and fly around in the world of the living