Cryptography Is The Science Of Writing And Solving Secret Messages Essay

Imagine a world in which men could act feminine and women could act masculine without being judged. Now try and identify why this may never happen. Men and women are both taught at an early age what they can and cannot do because of what gender they were born as; they are markedly similar in this aspect. There is a known gender stereotype for girls and boys, and the parents of these children enable these stereotypes from the day that they are born. girls are given pink clothes, and boys are given blue clothes. These colors set the rules of how they must behave for the rest of their lives, this idea is known as The Girl and Guy code. It is all black and white thinking, or in the case pink and blue. There is no in-between because once you stray from the code it is immediately recognized and looked down upon. Although the girl and guy code are almost polar opposites, they go hand in hand with one another because they are both used among society as a way to create a better image in front of others. The Woman looks better in the eyes of other women if she is more lady-like, and a man looks better in front of men if he is more manly; both genders deal with a heavy set of homosocial ideals.

The oldest record discovered by archaeologists dates back as far as 1900 B.C. in the town of Menet Khufu. In the tomb of Khnumhotep II, an Egyptian nobleman, symbols (also known as “hieroglyphics”) were uncovered that depicted a message (See figure 1, Appendix). However, upon closer examination, it became apparent that many of the symbols were unusual, if not entirely fake. It can be easily determined that this message was in the form of cryptography. A cipher is “an algorithm, process, or method for performing encryption and decryption” and “has a set of well-defined steps that can be followed to encrypt and decrypt messages” (Mcdonald), and undoubtedly what the hieroglyphic message is, having such unusual symbols. Throughout the following years of Egyptian civilization, cryptography became more common and the substitution of hieroglyphics was used by scribes, whether it be to “preserve the sacred nature of their religious rituals from common people” who lacked the skills to read and write at an advanced level”, or that “the scribes wanted to give a formal appearance to their writings” (Mcdonald). Either way, cryptography continued to have an effect on the Egyptians, soon spreading its sophistication to other areas of the Ancient

Cryptanalysis is the study of analyzing information systems in an attempt to learn the secluded aspects of the systems. It is used to break cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages. In The Code Book, it analyzes how people can invade your internet privacy even if you code your information. Viruses on the internet can decipher subsequent messages and programs such as the Trojan Horse can appear as a genuine encryption product, but which actually betrays

When a fellow general received the message, he would wrap the paper around his corresponding scytale to decipher the message (Tyson 2014). Since the advent of computers though, encryption has become increasing important and relies almost solely on cryptographic means to secure information. When speaking about encryption today, it refers more to the process rather than the mathematical formulas used to scramble data. The basic idea behind encrypting a computer message is such that it is scrambled with a sequence of random bits, known as a key, and only parties with the corresponding key can transpose it back into a comprehensible format. These keys are created via a cipher, otherwise known as an algorithm. When a user sends a message, known as the plaintext, across a network, the computer applies an algorithm to the information to encode it, resulting in a ciphertext (Encryption Basics 2014). This method can be best summarized visually:

Imagine a world without writing. This is an almost impossible task because our world is completely inundated with writing. How would we keep track of commerce or maintain a record of history? It is interesting to me that humans have designed ways in which to communicate to each other using symbols carved into stone. This technology has not only been shaped by the people using them, the hieroglyphics have also directly influence the societies that used them. Hieroglyphics are such an important invented technology, because it has been vital in helping to shape and record the culture of two populations living at different times and across the world: the ancient Egyptians, and the ancient Mayans. In this paper, I will discuss the intriguing similarities

M2 – Explain the operation and use of encryption technique in ensuring security of transmitted information

According to the Newton's Telecom Dictionary, cryptography is, "the process of concealing the contents of a message from all except those who know the key," (207). It is also defined as ". . . the science, or art, of secret writing," (Huffman 2). The word "cryptography" originated

Imagine the world in which men could act feminine and women could act masculine without being judged. Now try and identify why this may never happen. Men and women are both taught at an early age what they can and cannot do because of what gender they were born as; they are markedly similar in this aspect. There is a known gender stereotype for girls and boys, and the parents of these children enable these stereotypes from the day that they are born. girls are given pink clothes, and boys are given blue clothes. These colors set the rules of how they must behave for the rest of their lives, this idea is known as The Girl and Guy code. It is all black and white thinking, or in the case pink and blue. There is no in-between because once you stray from the code it is immediately recognized and looked down upon. Although the girl and guy code are almost polar opposites, they go hand in hand with one another because they are both used among society as a way to create a better image in front of others. The Woman looks better in the eyes of other women if she is more lady-like, and a man looks better in front of men if he is more manly; both genders deal with a heavy set of homosocial ideals.

(1) In 1801 a French boy named Jean Francis Champillion saw a copy of the Rosetta Stone. One of the most intriguing archaeology finds of all time. (2) Dug up by an Arab worker near the Nile, the strange shaped stone has three bands of writing carved across its highly, polished black surface. (3) One of them bands is written in the script of ancient Greece, another is written in the even ancient Egypt script called hieroglyphics. (4) It's true that many more has been written in Greek than hieroglyphics. (5) Still, there wasn't no one in the world who could read hieroglyphics at that time. (6) Champillion couldn't help dreaming that he would be the first. (7) Six years later, Champillion was the more promising young professor at the university

During World War 2 was a time of devastation. It was also a great time of innovation. One of the greatest innovations was the beginning of modern computing. During World War 2 encryption was each army’s main way of keeping war plans secure. One of the most famous encrypting machines was named the Enigma. The Enigma was a machine that took input from one side; encrypts it and sends the message to another operator who then translates it using a code book (Gladwin). Using this machine, the German’s kept nearly all the information secure from other countries. To break these encryptions, the British secret service along with many other countries started to build machines that could defeat the Enigmas encryption (Gladwin). Soon after the Germans

Cryptology is derived from the Greek words, kryptos and logos. The literal meaning of cryptology is “hidden study” or “the study of the hidden.” The science of cryptology is split into two separate sciences, cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is kryptos and graphein, meaning “hidden writing.” Cryptanalysis is from kryptos and analyein. It means “to loosen or untie the hidden.” Cryptography and cryptanalysis

Cryptography, at least in some form, has been around since 1900 BC where the first known evidence had been seen in an Egyptian tomb of a nobleman, Khnuhotep II. Here, there are unusual hieroglyphic symbols that the scribe used in the place of more ordinary ones that one would expect. It is thought that the purpose of changing these symbols, it was not to hide the message, but make it seem like it was more dignified. However, evidence of cryptography has been traced back to the most of the major early civilizations. Arthasharta, an ancient Indian treatise, helps tell of an espionage service and mentions secret writing that their spies had used on assignements. Julias Caesar also had his very own cipher. It was a form of encryption to relay secret messages to his generals that were on the war front. It is a substitution cipher, and the most widely mentioned in history. A substitution cipher is where a plain text message would have each character

Prevalent to the current trend now is the dependency of the society on Information technology and communication systems. Every aspect of human life is one way or the other linked and controlled by information technology tools. The importance of information technology cannot be over emphasized as its unavailability could lead to a form of disaster or the other. Pivotal infrastructures like finance, healthcare, education and security are driven by information technology. However, information technology and its benefits are accompanied by vulnerabilities and risks that can be exploited by people with the necessary technical skills. Individuals like ‘Hackers’ and ‘Cyber Terrorist’ can cause disruption to information systems, commit financial fraud and also attack computers and networks. These attacks and disruptions could result to violence against people and properties. In some cases, death, serious injuries and severe economic loss could occur as a result of these attacks.

Before approaching Claude Shannon’s contribution to Cryptography, one must look at his prior work in particular in the field of information theory, a field he theorized in his 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Information. Shannon introduced a lot of the ideas that were mentioned and developed in this revolutionary paper to the scientific community in his 1945 paper entitled A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography.

Encryption is a method of programming data for security so that it appears to be random data. Only the people sending and receiving the information have the key to decrypt the message, which will put it back into its original form making it readable. The only people with the key are the people who are intended to read the message. Not many people know what encryption is. I took a survey of twenty students and asked two questions. The first question I asked was do you know what encryption means and the second question I asked was have you ever heard of anybody using encryption. This is a chart of the information I received: