Crystallization Lab

Michelle Pham mtp738 50575 Experiment 1 Measurement and Density The objective of the experiment is to understand measurement and density by comparing the density of Diet Coke and Coke. The experiment is also meant to help further the understanding and use of lab equipment as well as the basic foundation to starting and analyzing lab data. Random error is an unpredictable error that slightly affects the precision of data.

The recrystallization technique utilizes the ability of a compound to dissolve within a hot solvent and produce a solution. As this solution cools, the solute reforms without impurities in a crystal lattice structure.1 For this to work properly, an appropriate solution that will not dissolve the solute at low temperatures, but will at high temperatures, must be used.1 There is no single solvent that will work well for every solute’s recrystallization; different solvents are better suited for some solutes than others.2 Some impurities that do not dissolve within the solvent can be filtered out while the solution is still hot, while other impurities that readily dissolve within the solvent shouldn’t recrystallize with the pure substance (as they are not concentrated enough to

Experiment 3: Identification of an Unknown Mixture by Extraction, Recrystallization, and Melting Point Determination Abstract In this experiment, an unknown compound was identified using extraction and recrystallization techniques. This was followed by a determination of the melting points of the extracted and recrystallized substances. Each unknown compound consisted of two substances that were either a carboxylic acid, a phenol or a neutral.

My hypothesis for hydrate crystals lab is the mass of the compound will be change after heating a hydrate. The mass will be lower than actual mass that I started with. The ratio for magnesium sulfate is 6.68 :1. The main properties for when determining a hydrate is chemical and physical changes. Physically, MgSO4 are look like salt at first, then after the heating, it become powder and bright, white opaque. Including the texture, structure and mass are changing, after heating. Chemical change will consider as the temperature are changing throughout the heating.

For this lab inquiry, students were placed in groups of 2-3 and tasked with finding the correlation between the temperature of a solvent, and the dissolution rate of a solute. These materials were necessary in order to successfully conduct the experiment: One 10 mL graduated cylinder, one 25 mL graduated cylinder, one 50 mL graduated cylinder, 1-2 100 mL graduated beakers, 1-2 900 mL graduated beakers, some 1-3 squirt bottles, water, 1-3 pounds of ice, a heated container, 11 start/stop timers, roughly 15 styrofoam cups, and a yogurt cup filled to the brim with M&Ms. In order to collect data, students would need to prepare cold and hot water, using the materials provided. Nextly, students would create ratios of cold and hot water, making the maximum amount of each type of water to be 100 mL, with the max amount of water being 100 mL. The ratio would act like so:

All minerals have a crystal structure.A mineral is a naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid, with a unique chemical composition, and a crystalline structure. (Class Notes 11/03/15). The minerals form when the magma starts to cool inside of crust, they started to cool in the water and water start to evaporate ,the liquid cool and mineral get a solid form.Citation (Video-How the Earth Made Us episode 1:deep earth). The Crystal that were made in lab weren’t not because they formed by using man made formula. The August Birthstone was a minerals because birthstone by geologic processes in rocks in their natural environment.(http://www.burkemuseum.org/geology/birthstones/)The

The solution became lighter in color as the seed crystalized, attaching to the bottom of the beaker. The seed crystal was gradient in color started as dark blue and turning lighter blue as it grew upward seen in Figure 2. Conclusion In conclusion, from this experiment, we can say our hypothesis was not valid. We reject the hypothesis because in the recording of immediate results, our solution reached temperatures much less than 70° Celsius and yet no crystallization began.

In this experiment we get to add different materials together and we get to separate them. Materials such as water, wax, sand, iron and salt. Every substance, whether it is an element or a compound has characteristic properties. For example, Water is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen chemically bonded to form a single substance. Property may be a characteristic that defines an entire group of substances. The purpose of this experiment was to use properties to distinguish between substances and to separate them. We use properties because properties can help reveal the identity of an unknown substance. The experiment that we did was accomplished because we separated different materials from each other by using different properties. Properties

The purpose of this experiment was to separate a mixture. This was achieved by first boiling the mixture in water, then filtering it into a flask, which was then placed into a box of ice to be crystallized, then the crystals were separated from the liquid by being filtered once again. The result of this was that we were able to successfully separate the mixture and created crystals in the final step. We were also able to find the mass of the benzoic acid. The mass of it was 0.58 grams. This was found because mass of the filter paper with the acid was 1.55 grams and the mass of the filter paper was 0.97 grams. By subtracting the filter paper from the filter paper with acid, we were able to figure out that the mass of the filter paper with acid

Microscale involves using smaller amounts of chemicals and solids. Therefore, the purpose is to determine the density, solubility, recrystallization, extraction, separation, and drying of products by using small quantities. The mass of volume was determined by using the density formula: Density= Weight (g) / volume (mL). Solubility is defined as the extent to which a substance is soluble. Crystallization is a technique used for purifying solid compounds. The percent recovery determined how much of the substance would remain after purification by calculating: (amount of pure substance collected) / (amount of impure substance began with) x 100. The separation of two liquid layers or purifying organic reaction products is identified as extraction and is used to establish a state of equilibrium.

Then, heat the system on a hot plate for about 15 minutes after the water begins to boil gently. If the solid does not dissolve, heat for an additional 10 minutes, stirring as necessary. Next, Remove the flask and add 25 mL of ice water to the flask to decompose any unreacted anhydride. Then sit the flask in a beaker of ice until crystallization is complete. Next, separate the crystals from the liquid by suction filtration. Wash the crystals well with water, breaking up large chunks. Then leave the crude crystals to dry on the suction filter while you perform the experiment in part B. Measure the crude yeliend and make additional observations about the nature of the crystals. Next, recrystallize the crude aspirin by dissolving the crystals in a small amount of ethanol in a small beaker. Heat the solution to boiling. All crystals should eventually dissolve when boiling is reached. Carefully remove the beaker from the hot plate and allow to cool to room temperature. Promote further crystallization by cooling in an ice bath. Then, use the suction filtration apparatus again to filter the crystals. Use some water to wash if necessary. Allow the crystals to dry, breaking up any lumps with a spatula. Then, measure the melting point of the aspirin and compare with that of salicylic acid and pure acetylsalicylic acid. Place any leftover product into the designated waste container. For the preparation of oil of wintergreen in a green small beaker add

Given the following solubility test results, which would be the best recrystallization solvent for Compound A? Why?

  To understand mechanisms of the fracture of brittle materials (in this case, glass) To recognize the variations in deformation and failure mechanisms which occur with a difference in flaw size, (i.e. between scratched and unscratched samples) Defining flaw sizes in glass plates by employing linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) Utilizing the Weibull statistics approach in predicting probable failure in brittle materials.

Lead Oxide + Sulfuric Acid + Hydrogen + 2 electrons → Lead Sulfate + Water

SU-8 Photoresist Patterning on a 3” Glass Wafer (Ti coated) to fabricate microstructure test pattern.