Cultural And Intellectual Achievements Of The Ottoman Empire

In the early modern and modern periods, the Ottoman Empire had been viewed as an accomplished and robust Muslim dynasty (P.159, Fisher and Oschenwald). With the introduction of gun-powdered weaponry, the Ottomans maintained control over large parts of land.

The Ottoman and Safavid Empires share many similarities. Their courts were set-up alike, each empire advanced artistically, and both were deeply rooted within the Islam religion. Although these empires were alike in many ways, the form of Muslim each empire adopted were different. This paper will focus on the religion used by both empires as a pillar to governing its people, but also the differences between the sub-cultures adopted by each empire.

What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surrounded himself with strong solders who specialized in ambushes, and hit and run tactics, they referred to these highly trained soldiers as “Janissaries”. The empire they built was the largest and most dominant of the Muslim empires.

Throughout the evolution of time, diverse societies and cultures have helped to shape our world. Many of these cultures in existence from as far back as the 1300’s are still evolving today. Every country in the world is populated with many diverse cultures, languages, and religions. The people and the lifestyle a country creates lend itself then to its unique signature qualities and characteristics. These qualities and characteristics then become what a country is known for, and what the country’s reputation to the world will be. There are so many aspects to an Empire and the civilians who inhabit the Empire that the leaders must monitor items such as religion, military, language, economy, and diversity. All these items impact the success or

In my paper I will compare the civilizations I chose. The three Empires I wrote about were the Ottoman Empire, Tang Dynasty, and the Harappan, they had many similarities, but their differences were few and I will compare each of them.

The wind tousles the hair, the sun beats down on the back, and the smell of sea air fills the nostrils. Sandals slap the ground as one walks, and the shouts of people in a distant market can be heard from far down the street. This is Istanbul, the heart of the Ottoman empire. It located on an isthmus between the Middle East and Europe, between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The Ottoman Empire was one of the strongest in the world at its peak, dominating even the great European groups. However, all good things must come to an end. The Ottoman Empire saw great successes, like the conquering of Constantinople, but it also saw great failures, one of the greatest being the decision to fight on the side of the Axis powers during WW1. In this

To be a part of the Ottoman Empire ruling class, three characteristics were necessary: “Islamic faith, loyalty to the sultan, and compliance with the standards of behavior of the Ottoman court.” This only applied to Muslim people while Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews—recognized as the millets—were excluded and usually employed in state services. As the Ottoman Empire developed and its strength grew, it was looked upon as “a daily increasing flame” for its ability to rule and take control, but during the centuries of its decline in strength and prestige was looked down upon as the “Sick Man of Europe” (Stavrianos 1957, 31). As the prestigious Ottoman Empire dominated any and all enemies that stepped in their way, they could not hold this reign forever. The Ottoman Empire, like most powerhouses, fell due to the external and internal conflicts as well as the search for independence, nationalism, and modernity. The Ottoman Empire as a whole was not to blame for their decline, but rather one can say the Ottoman Empire was two separate empires and the latter of the two was the cause of the decline.

technological contributions, and European style features. The prominent western view throughout history is that the Ottomans were savage conquerors unlike the established monarchies of Europe. The more accurate view is that Europe and the Ottoman Empire shared both various characteristics that were very similar and some which were starkly different. The spiritual justification which was present on both sides had similar origins and doctrines which lead to a hostile distinction between Christianity and Islam. As Goffman states "Just as siblings often fight with appalling brutality, the very resemblance and historical proximity of the two faiths created a bitter rivalry" (8).

The Ottoman empire reigned for over 600 years. Two ways in which the Sultans were able to consolidate their power to secure the throne and deflect challenges was through a superior military force and second by developing a system to decentralize their population. By colonizing conquered lands, such as through land-grants, the empire ensured new territories were productive acquisitions to the kingdom.

From the year 1566, to 1683 (I'm stating the history relevant to the starting RP year only, which is 1620), the Ottoman Empire suffered from many revolts, reversals, and revivals. This, mainly caused by weak Sultans, would later result in the Ottoman Empire's total demise. While the Ottomans would still prove to be a major Eastern European power, there weakening was obvious, as they fell behind in European technology, due to most of the Ottoman wants of conquest became drained by the emergence of new conservative religious and intellectual ideas. One of the consequences of this, while not known by many, was a Catholic naval coalition victory, the coalition being led by Spain's Phillip II, at the Battle of Laptano in 1571 over an Ottoman fleet. This, along with the previous victory over the far smaller defending force at the Ottoman Siege of Malta in 1565, ever threw away the Ottoman's previous image of being invincible. They lost more men then ships, and, however, were still able to quickly replace them, after getting Venice to sign a peace

After the end of World War I in 1918, a huge sea change in the geopolitical landscape happened. With what seemed like one fell swoop, the “Age of Empire” was swept away as the German Empire, Tsarist Russia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire disintegrated. For some it seems that the decline of the Ottoman Empire was the most expected of all of them, having been characterized as “The Sick Man of Europe” for centuries after its near-domination of the Middle East and large parts of Europe had eroded. What had once been a massive conglomeration of territories, stretching from the Horn of Africa well into Eastern Europe, was gradually weakened both from the inside and out by a variety of factors over a huge period of time spanning centuries. At its apogee, the Ottoman Empire was known for its immense wealth and military might, as well as a high level of governmental organization. After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Sultan Mehmet II, the Ottoman monarchs set about creating a state that was unmatched not only in power but also in efficiency and technology. The use of gunpowder by the Ottoman armies in the 15th and 16th centuries placed them in a completely different and more advanced position than their European counterparts, who still had to largely rely on pikes, with a devastating effect . One of the strengths of the Ottoman Empire was its ability to strike a balance, for a time, between the need to acknowledge the many diverse territories and

The Ottoman Empire was a significant piece of the European states framework and effectively assumed a part in their undertakings, due to a limited extent to their coterminous times of development. Towards the finish of the fifteenth century, the Ottomans started to assume a bigger part in the Italian Peninsula. In 1494, both the Papacy and the Kingdom of Naples appealed to the Sultan straightforwardly for his help against Charles VIII of France in the First Italian War. The Ottomans policy towards Europe amid the sixteenth century was one of disturbance against the Habsburg dynasties. The Ottomans teamed up with Francis I of France and his Protestant partners in the 1530s while battling the Habsburgs. Although the French had looked for a union

At its peak, the Ottoman Empire spread across 3 continents and was known as the most powerful empire in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the beginning, the Ottomans were descendants of the Seljuk Turks, the great empire in Asia. The Ottomans were military minded and raided surrounding areas. Of these raiders, or Gazis, Osman I was the most important. Sultan Osman Gazi I was an expert at invading and conquering. Soon, Osman and his followers, Ottomans, created a small state in Anatolia. They bought and conquered land and expanded their small state into an empire. Also, their military was the first to use gunpowder and cannons as an offense and thus were considered the greatest military at the time. With all of this, their Empire successfully survived from one family line of Sultans for seven centuries. Because of their strength and superiority, the Ottomans were considered one of the most successful Empires in history.

M. (1994). Ottomans in history and civilization. Cairo: The Egyptian Center for Othmans Studies .

Arab conquest led to the spread of the Arabic culture within Central Asia, including the spread of the Arabic language as the state and literary language. However, from 700s the authority of Arab governors and military leaders declined, and the flowering of the literature in non-Arabic languages began under the rule of the Samanids and the Karakhanids. Non-Arab peoples adjusted the Islamic religion to their way of life. Therefore, this decline in the prestige of the Arabs in politics did not symbolize a failure of Islam, but represented a transformation of Islam in Central Asia. This paper will evaluate how the gradual changes in the social status of Arabs and non-Arabs from the 600s to the 700s affected development of Islam. In order to