A Cultural Comparison of Higher Education in Russia and the United States of America
Intercultural Communications
August 19th, 2014
“Inculcation is the gradual coming to know something through mundane processes of training and learning” (Chetro-Szivos, J. Lecture 1). Through inculcation we acquire a set of dispositions that mold the body and eventually become second nature to the actor. Paralleling this concept with education systems in place around the world, many similarities can be drawn. In this paper, we compare universities, or four-year institutions, in Russia and the United States. To begin, a description of a typical Russian university will be given.
…show more content…
Kandidat nauk can be achieved within university environment (when the university is engaged in active research in the chosen field), specialized research facilities or within research and development units in industry. Typical kandidat nauk path from admission to diploma takes 2–4 years. The dissertation paper should contain a solution of an existing scientific problem, or a practical proposal with significant economical or military potential. The title is often perceived as equivalent to Western Ph.D., although this may vary depending on the field of study, and may not be seen as such outside of Russia.
Doktor nauk, the next stage, implies achieving significant scientific results. The dissertation paper should summarize the author 's research resulting in theoretical statements that are qualified as a new discovery, or solution of an existing problem, or a practical proposal with significant economical or military potential. The road from kandidat to doktor typically takes 10 years of dedicated research activity; one in four candidates reach this stage. The system implies that the applicants must work in their research field full-time; however, the degrees in social sciences are routinely awarded to active politicians.
Academic titles of dotsent and professor are issued to active university staff that has already achieved degrees of kandidat or doktor; the rules prescribe minimum residency term, authoring established study textbooks in their
Jazvac-Martek, M. (2009). Oscillating role identities: The academic experiences of education doctoral students. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46(3), 253–264. Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Education Research Complete database.
Human beings are a social species that relies heavily on human interaction throughout their daily lives. There are roughly six billion people on this earth, and those human beings inhabit one hundred and ninety six countries. The varying countries have developed their own customs, languages, values, music, and style that give them their own identity, or “culture.” According to the Oxford dictionary, culture is defined as “the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society [1].” An understanding of the meaning of culture and its characteristics provides the foundation to better comprehend specific cultures. By exploring a country’s cultural identity, one can gain a better understanding of a country’s values and viewpoints within a global context. Through an exploration of culture and its characteristics as well as the specific culture of Ukraine, it can be argued that the current conflict in Ukraine could potentially become an area of conflict for the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The successful completion of the doctoral program requires one to make significant sacrifices and accommodations. Majority of the doctoral students are usually motivated and eager to complete their program as soon as possible. However, many students often enroll for doctoral programs without a complete understanding of the heavy demands of such a program. The doctoral program is unique and bears little resemblance to many previous degree courses and so without the necessary accommodations one can find completing it an uphill task. Each student brings to the program his/her own set of academic strengths and weaknesses (Wisdom, & Leavitt, 2015). The attitude and abilities of each and every doctoral student is unique and so is their management of the program. Therefore, the most important ingredient to doctoral success is the capability to leverage such inherent strengths and find effective ways
The author, Dr. Susan K. Gardner expands on the term success from different perspectives and attributes in which they support achieving the many milestone, through the student’s completion of a doctoral education. The question, what supportive structures exits that best enable doctoral students to achieve program milestones such as, completing the first year, moving on into Year two and subsequently into Year three beginning and completing the dissertation? are asked. With only 50% of those students completing a doctoral program, it begs the questions as to why such attrition over the course of the program and how doctoral program success is best measured.
People serious about entering this field of study require an extensive amount of education and training.
Education is one of the cornerstones and pillars to the establishment and preservation of democracy. In history, countless scores of philosophers and political thinkers believed that only an educated citizenry can take on the quintessential task of upholding democracy. Thomas Jefferson, the primary writer of the Declaration of Independence, stated that “an informed citizenry is the only true repository of the public will.” A renowned defender of public education, Jefferson proposed plans for an education system that included grammar schools in his presidency. As a result of these relentless policies for education, the United States expanded on the concept of public instruction through the establishment and upkeep of a practical education
Lee and Nichols (2010) distinguished education which they deemed coursework that provided “theory, science, and empirical discoveries” from training which they considered “the
American education and Finnish education systems are different in many ways. For example, American educations systems focus on standardized tests and base students intelligence on it while Finnish education systems only have one standardized test. Another is that all Finnish teachers must qualify using the same standards in order to teach while in the US standards that make a teacher qualified vary depending on the school system. Finland’s censorship is very similar to the US,but they sill contrast. For example, both countries have freedom of speech and press, but in Finland the citizens are allowed to see all government documents while in the US government documents are secured from the public. Also, the US has restrictions on what books
Students were advised that to be successful within the competitive area of a PHD degree, students needed to have published at least five papers by the end of their undergraduate degree. Dr Rebar's (Rebar, 2015), theory of publishing supported the conclusion, that to be granted a University tenure in the future, students must have a body of research, which separated themselves from fellow
Gender roles in Russia have dramatically changed since the fall of the former Soviet Union and the fall of communism. It is hard to look directly at the constitution of Russia seeing as though the drafting and redrafting of their constitution is still underway. However, looking at the constitution of the former Soviet Union, you can see it is clearly stated that: “Women and men have equal rights.” It is very clear that in the Soviet Union they were trying to make it so that women and men were equal. It is still clear today that those same basic ideals are present in Russia. Women are clearly more equal in their country than in ours. In the workforce as well as in the home, women
When it comes to different cultures we never really get a grasp on just how different our culture can be from other ones. In the medical field though it is most definitely important that you understand the differences in cultures because it could affect how you go about treating your patients. Although the Russian culture isn’t much different from the American one there is still a few key differences that you would need to know. Knowing a patient’s life style, like how they live and eat can be as aspect that you would need to know in any medical field. In the Russian culture follow a diet high in fat and low in green vegetables which includes bread, potatoes, meat, eggs and butter.
A doctoral learner must be able to read and carefully analyze the materials before them and be able to present the material in a way that if they are in conflict be able to show why this information is not in agreement.
In the contemporary world university degree is very important and many students enter the university each year to earn their bachelors or Master’s. Usually people use their university degree to advance their careers and to achieve success. But those people who have ambitions and who determinate with their career plans, the best decision is to continue education and to develop and improve theoretical knowledge and practical skills in chosen field. Besides educational background, practical experience also lays important role in the career. Due to my current obligations (work/life) I have the desire to receive further education cannot interrupt my current career and do not have an opportunity to attend traditional classes and to devote
The process of study was done in the period of two days. It consists of interviewing ten villagers who are part of the project. I also talked with the head of Hupkrapong Demonstration and Learning Center who is responsible for providing all knowledge and information about Hupkrapong project. Then, I talked to the
At the beginning my paper, would like to repeat a thought of Oliver Wendell Holmes, “What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.” This is really good thought and I think this thought is linked with the problem which is happening nowadays in Kazakhstan.