Cultural Evaluation Of Eddi-3

Test scores of individuals outside of this age range would not be considered valid, since there would be no norms to compare the individual’s scores to. Fortunately, there are no gender limitations since the normative sample included both males and females equally at all ages and grades (Pearson, 2009b). The normative sample also included several ethnicities representative of the U.S. population. In addition, the developers intended to reduce cultural bias by adding pictures of multiple cultures in the demonstration illustrations (Pearson, 2009b). However, it is important to note no differential studies were conducted for gender or race and ethnicity (Miller, 2010). Furthermore, the test was only normed in English and has not been translated into any other language (Pearson, 2009b). This will make it difficult for clinicians to administer the test to individuals whose primary language is not

Eating disorders are common, relatively chronic and potentially life-threatening psychiatric disorders conditions primarily affecting young women. Eating disorders are also associated with psychological suffering, acute and long-term health impairments, a high rate of suicide attempts as well as an increased risk of mortality early detection and treatment improve the prognosis, but the presentation of eating disorders is often cryptic. This paper will compare the constructs of two assessment tools and examine the key test measurement constructs of reliability and validity for each assessment tool use in eating disorders. The Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the “Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q)” acre commonly used assessments

It was originally considered that, like bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorders occurred in females at a rate of 10 to 1 (Striegel-Moore and Franko, 2003). But studies have shown that a significant portion of men have binge-eating disorder as well ( Early trials showed that although the samples were not separated for race or gender, it became evident that binge-eating disorder affected both differing races and genders in similar ways. These studies lead to the first “large-scale surveys to examine eating disorders in male and non-White populations” (Striegel-Moore and Franko, 2003, p. S22). Studies have shown that “approximately 29% of subjects in weight control programs met the criteria for [binge-eating disorder],” (Spitzer, Yanovski, Wadden, Wing, Marcus. Stunkard, Devlin, Mitchell, Hasin, & Horne, 1992, p. 137). Possible risk factors for binge-eating disorder are still largely unknown at this time (Striegel-Moore and Franko, 2003), although some similarities amongst clients have been identified. These include: preoccupation with body image and weight, impairment in social functioning, significant time of adult life spent dieting, and a history of mental health concerns including alcoholism, depression, and anxiety (Spitzer et al., 1992).

Eating disorders are largely considered to be a "female disease". Statistics seem to validate this perception – of the estimated five million-plus adults in the United States who have an eating disorder, only ten percent are thought to be male ((1)). Many professionals, however, hold the opinion that these numbers are incorrect – it is impossible to base the statistics on anything other than the number of adults diagnosed with eating disorders, and men are much less likely than women to seek help for such a problem ((2)). This means that the male population probably suffers more from eating disorders than the numbers show.

In the study, the between-groups design and the cross-sectional design were used for research. There were 243 participants between the ages of 18 and 39, and the majority were females and Caucasians. The average age was about 21 years old.

The studied group consisted of 253 participants. The participants’ characteristics were the following: (1) their average age was 9.4 years (with a standard deviation of 1.1 years of age), (2) 130 were female and 123 were male, and (3) 126 were in the third-grade and 127 were in the fifth-grade. Their Family Cultural Status (FCS) characteristics were the following: (A) Low: consisting of 86 participants (34% of the total pool of subjects)— (1) their average age was 9.5 years (with a standard deviation of 1.0 years of age), (2) 38 were female and 48 were male, and (3) 39 were in the third-grade and 47 were in the fifth-grade; (B) Moderate: consisting of 97 participants (38% of the

The main instruments conducted in this study were both the AUDIT and DAST-20 assessments. Data was collected by the use of these two assessments administered in English or Spanish. Both tests were administered to each individually and independently. After the tests were administered they were able to be reviewed.

The reliability of an instrument contributes to the level of usability for empirical research (Whiston, 2009). Further, it refers to the replicability andstability of a measurement and whether it will result in the same assessment in the same individuals when repeated (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). When determining the reliability of an assessment, a reliability coefficient of at least .80 indicates a trustworthy level of reliability (Trochim, 2006).

| Based on explicit knowledge and this can be easy and fast to capture and analyse.Results can be generalised to larger populationsCan be repeated – therefore good test re-test reliability and validityStatistical analyses and interpretation are

The (EDI) is used in “clinical setting to obtain cognitive, behavioral, and affective or emotional profiles of individuals with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa)” (p44). The Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (OEQ) is also used it is a questionnaire that was developed to measure levels of obligatory exercise (p44). The study consisted of “one thousand second and third year students who were randomly selected from the Faculty of Education Services” (Matheson & Crawford-Wright 2000). The (OEQ) consist of 20 questions “scored on a Likert scale ranging from 1=never to 4=” (p44). If the participants “score 50 or greater it indicates exercise dependency” (p44). According to (Matheson & Crawford-Wright 2000) usual questions are:

Ultimately, as with all reliability, in this case it would be the responsibility of the author (e.g., Reale, 2013) for assuring these psychological measures sustained reliability, for all participants. Therefore, after submitting her proposal to an Institutional Review Board (IRB), in conjunction with her principle investigator (PI), the assigned IRB obtained positive reliability results. The tas-20 (see Bagby, Parker, & Taylor 1994), received: “(Cronbach’s alpha = .81) and test-retest reliability (.77, p < .01)” (Reale, 2013, p. 21); whilst, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) received: “..standardized alpha coefficients for this subscale for males = .68 and for females = .73, and the test-retest reliability for males = .72, and for females = .70)” (Reale, 2013, p. 23).

Compared to Anorexia Nervosa inpatients, Pedersen and colleagues (2012) in their Bulimia Nervosa outpatient sample (BN; n =70), found a higher RF mean score of 4.11 which was not

In order to prevent a type 1 error, scores for the eating disorder examination were given to readers in the form of effect sizes. The four measured variables were binge eating rates, eating disorder psychopathology, quality of life, and emotional regulation. In comparison to the wait list group, each variable showed improvement, meaning that the treatment (DBT) had a positive impact on the participants assigned to that condition. Over time, there was an effect found for each variable. Using post hoc tests, researchers noticed that binge eating frequency was lower at post-treatment than baseline, the total eating disorder examination (EDE) scores were lower at post-treatment and 6 month follow up compared to baseline, quality of life scores were higher at post-treatment and baseline, and emotional regulation scores were higher at

Overall, three methods (linking, self-reported, and proposed model of standardized outcome measures) validated most of the ICF categories; however, there was a slight difference as a result of purpose of validation and research design as presented in Table 13.

In addition, patients with eating disorders also exhibit other traits associated with low self-esteem, such as problems with their overall self-image, excessive concern over weight and shape, and globally negative attitudes about their self-control and discipline (Button 1997). The methodology for the research leading to these conclusions about low self-esteem and eating disorders typically involves elements such as questionnaires examining eating behavior, self-esteem and general psychological well-being (such as the Offer self-image questionnaire), depression and self-esteem scales (such as the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Hospital anxiety and depression scale), personal interviews with doctors, psychologists and researchers, and finally tests designed specifically for eating disorders (such as the Bulimia test and the EAT-40).