Cunninghamella Elegans

Abstract. An unknown blue copper (#32) was measured by iodometry with sodium thiosulfate. The procedure from the lab handout Iodometric Determination of Copper was followed. The thiosulfate was standardized by titrating KIO3 with starch in acidic conditions to produce triiodide. Starch is the indicator for iodine having the appearance of a blue complex; starch was added before the endpoint in order for the endpoint to be sharp since there is low concentration of iodine. After the thiosulfate was standardized, the unknown copper titration was performed. Sodium acetate was added to the copper analyte before titration to increase the pH to 3. The pH is raised to 3 because a low pH would produce extra triiodide, and a high pH would produce

In this project, C. Elegans are hermaphrodite worms that will be used since they are easy to maintain in lab, as well as have short life cycles. The gene that the project attempted to knockdown in C. Elegans with RNAi treatment is the unc-22 gene. RNAi disrupts gene expression in the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is complementary to target gene sequence. The unc-22 gene codes for a muscle protein called twitchin in wild-type worms. The Unc-22 is required for muscle regulation and maintenance in C.Elegans. To verify that the RNAi treatment worked, would check the unc-22 mRNA levels in the worms, in addition to phenotype observation.

The purpose of this study is to identify four unknown organisms. The unknown organisms have been assigned randomly to six-research groups by Professor Hoffman. Each research group was provided two eukaryotes and two prokaryotes. The unknown organisms will fall into the following classifications: bacteria, algae, fungi, or protozoans. All living organisms are organized into one of three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

9. In the research done on the microbial community in the Rhizosphere using two methods, which are the Cultivation-dependent method and Cultivation-independent method. The research and studies done had good results, moreover, the physiological profiling was done in 5 days by the use of several carbon sources. The maximal growth was observed for the 30 degrees celsius- incubated plate by day 3, whereas comparable values were recorded for the room to the temperature-incubated plate by day 5.

In typical neutral soil, the numbers of bacteria dominate over the number of fungi. Because of this, general growth plates often see little to no fungal growth when placed in these conditions. In order to select for fungal growth, an acidic medium is normally used because fungi grow readily at higher acidity (S.A. Waksman, submitted for publication 1922). This information is useful in determining the type of medium required to select for fungal growth.

Please use your own words. Any direct quote would result in an automatic zero for the pertaining question.

Copper commonly occurs as a pollutant in surface fresh waters and it can be extremely toxic to fish , and so its removal is often necessary . There are several methods that exist in the actuality, such as adsorption on activated

The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. The reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4, mass of 7.0015g with 2.0095g Fe or iron powder produced a solid precipitate of copper while the solution remained the blue color. Through this the appropriate reaction had to be determined out of the two possibilities. Through the use of a vacuum filtration system the mass of Cu was found to be 2.1726g which meant that through limiting reagent analysis Fe was determined to be the limiting reagent and the chemical reaction was determined to be as following:-

Marr et al. (1998) found out an exposure-response relationship between concentration and mortality for both cobalt and copper in their respective acute toxicity tests. However, they found out that fishes significantly died at a faster rate in copper exposure than cobalt exposure. They concluded that cobalt and copper is detrimental to the survival of rainbow trout. In the joint toxicity test, they found it difficult to assess the true nature of cobalt in the presence copper as their results varied from antagonistic, additive and synergistic; consequently making it difficult to estimate the effect

Copper has a very important biological and environmental significance, and is considered one of the most important elements all over the world. Within this experiment, copper’s ionic and elemental forms will be examined. This will be done by exposing copper to a series of chemicals and transforming copper into a nitrate, a hydroxide, an oxide, a sulfate, and then changing it back to its original element, copper. This process is known as the Copper Cycle, and can be used to study and observe the different types of chemical reactions that exist within our biological and environmental systems.

Serratia Marcescens is a rod (bacillus) shaped bacteria known best for its red coloration. It has a single arrangement and is Gram negative. It grows at room temperature and can be found in soil, water, animals and on plants, but it is especially common in damp areas such as bathrooms or kitchens. Like all bacteria, it reproduces by binary fission. Serratia Marcescens mainly causes urinary and respiratory tract infections but can also cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound infections, and meningitis along with a variety of other infections. It can be difficult to treat S. Marcescens as it is resistant to various antibiotics. In this experiment we tested the effects of antiseptics on the zone of inhibition on serratia marcescens.

Purpose: To learn and employ aseptic technique and basic forms of culture media as well as become familiar with the basic requirements of microbial growth and the methods used to control microbial growth.

All throughout the body, cells are reproducing then dying. It is a part of life in which we maintain homeostasis. This is what scientists know as programmed cell death. The cell turnover within the body depends on what type of cell and what it is used for. These mechanisms take place over and over within the bodies of many animals, including humans. In fact, human began life as just “one fertilized egg cell.” Genetic regulation of programmed cell death and organ development was a concern for Sydney Brenner, Robert Horvitz, and John Sulston. Their scientific discoveries have enhanced biological and medical research by allowing scientists to understand how these processes are regulated. In this essay I will explore Caenorhabditis elegans, cell lineage, and programmed cell death in which the article goes in depth with.

In the nematode C. elegans, cilia are found on dendritic endings of sensory neurons. Ciliated

Culturing/Streak: Trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate: Since the unknown sample contains Gram (-), it was appropriate to use this type of agar. Using a sterilized loop a sample was streaked on the TSA. The purpose of this producer is to allow growth of the unknown sample. Taking extra to prevent contamination. The inoculated TSA was stored in a plastic bag at room temperature. After two days, The TSA plate was analyzed through visual examination. In addition, the determination of colony and cell morphology were