Current Capability Set Fielding Field

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

IP stands for ‘Internet Protocol’ and is made of numbers and periods. It is the

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the basic communication protocols, which were designed to provide low level support for internetworking. This term is generally also used to refer to a more generalised collection of protocols developed by the internet community and U.S. Department of Defence.

With the current war dwindling down in Afghanistan, the Field Artillery’s focus becomes more on training in a force on force style fight. Their focus is to utilize older conventional style war fighting tactics on new updated Artillery systems. The following quote from Major General Mark McDonald truly describes our current situation, “We’ve got most of the pieces in place to be able to train the digital system. What we have to do is get everybody really comfortable with it, train with it more often, so that’s their go-to system,” (Mathis). The result will be to pull away from older manually computed firing data and to begin to rely solely on the newer updated digital systems, thus allowing for the safer, more accurate and timely fires that will be needed in future conflicts. What does this mean for enlisted members and officers alike? ”The introduction of these modernized systems will provide several opportunities for cross-branch training and deployment, as well as opportunities for joint operations that have yet to be discovered. Additionally, this modernization will present substantial challenges to both officer and enlisted leadership alike, requiring both to be more technically qualified in order to be effective leaders” (Dedmond and

TCP/IP is the transport/network layer protocol we use on the internet. Many BN’S, MAN’s and WAN’s rely on it. This is because it is relatively efficient, and transmission has few errors. Any errors that are found, are checked and so large files can be sent even in the most unsafe network and the data will still be unchanged. TCP/IP is very compatible with a number of data link protocols as well.

The AN/PRC's (Army/Navy Portable Radio Communications) of the day made for a heavy pack and they had long antennas. Snipers would target the Comms guy. The radio person was glued to the platoon leader and the radio was the only contact with the world. Air strikes/air support, Dust Off, and supply requests all went through the radio guy, along with Intel on enemy size and movement.

The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was

The need for accurate and timely intelligence is essential to intelligence collection. The military continues research to improve near real-time intelligence platform. The end state is to minimize the amount of time between collection and analysis. After the Vietnam War, the National Security Agency found the need for a mobile communications intelligence (COMINT) platform . A platform that could communicate with ground stations. RC-12 Guardrail (GR) would forever change how the military collected COMINT.

The second short fall for the Patriot missile system was the inability to establish situational awareness with other combined air defense systems during OIF. It is of the upmost importance to have combined intergraded joint tactical data links as it allows units the ability to correlate targets and to share information across a vast communication network. The U.S. Department of Defense (2005) recognized that “[…] a Patriot battery on the battlefield can be very much alone. Its closest connection is its Patriot battalion headquarters unit, and in some cases in OIF even that connection was weak.” (p. 2).

Project Abstract: The following is a discussion of the application of Army Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities which are employed in order to enhance the targeting and effects of the Ar-my’s Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Sections. The aim is to address how the assimila-tion of assets, programs, and capabilities currently available to the Army SIGINT Community by the Army CEMA Sections could significantly enhance their ability to conduct and execute the war-time mission, thereby enhancing the commanders’ understanding of the enemy’s tactical use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). This, in effect, would also reduce the time invested in acquiring EMS specific information and increase the precision and execution of Electronic Attack (EA), Elec-tronic Protect (EP), and Electronic Warfare Support (ES) by strengthening and

Since the cold war, the army has been moving away from the industrial age to the more modern information age. With this

The Joint Tactical Radio Systems can be described as inexpensive radio systems that are software programmable and offer reliable, secure, data, multi-channel voice, and video communications for mobile users in the military. The tactical radio systems provide an all-inclusive, safe, and multi-channel mobile communications network ability for ground vehicles. The deliver communications networking capabilities that enable the transfer of several megabits of data per second on moving ground vehicles at the tactical edge. Consequently, the systems places total power and control of the Global Information Grid into the warfighters and take the situational awareness of network beyond the center for tactical operations (Simonsen, 2011).

The TCP/IP protocols are the heart and soul of the Internet, and they describe the fundamental rules that govern all communications in the network. The original address system of the Internet is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. However, IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.

The current solution as TCP/IP becomes inefficient and subjects to certain problems. An example of this, to search for content, the content must be mapped to a host, and then DNS translates the host name to the location i.e. IP address. The two-step mapping incurs access overhead. Security is an issue since the security coupled to the host. The host becomes a target for security attacks. Also IP is stateless so they cannot be caching capability; the same request would be made times, this lead to unnecessary bandwidth usage. This prompted the research into move the architecture from a host-centric to information-centric.

Wireless sensor networks can play a key role in military command.This can be in form of control, easier communication, better surveillance etc. The ability of sensor network to rapidly deploy, privately organize and fault tolerance characteristic make them an admirable technique for sensing in application for military. Sensor networks can be applied in several aspects in the military including: observing friendly forces, equipment and ammunition; surveillance of the battlefield; organization of opposing forces and the terrain; also targeting; assessment of battle damage; and nuclear, and detection of biological and chemical attack