Current Treatments And Compliance : Osteoporosis Can Be Detected By Using Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry ) Scans

Before starting pharmacological medication preventive measures should be taken. For example, weight-bearing exercise, calcium and vitamin D intake, quit smoking and alcohol. After that start osteoporosis medication if it is primary, but if it is secondary treat the underlying cause first. These drugs do not treat osteoporosis, but decrease further loss of BMD which include Bisphosphonates (Alendronate- Risedronate- Ibandronate- Zoledronic acid), Raloxifene (Selective estrogen receptor modulators), Calcitonin (hormone decreases bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity), Denosumab, Teriparatid(Parathyroid hormone). The first drug used is alendronate because of its high efficacy in preventing fractures and low cost. If the first line drug failed other bisphosnates or denosumab can be used. Ralaxofeine used as third line drug because it has a risk of developing blood clot diseases, yet it decreases the risk of breast cancer . Calcitonin is used for those who are contraindicated to the previous drugs because of its low efficacy. Teriparatid is the only drug that works by increasing BMD, but is the last drug used. It is taken for a maximum 2 years and expensive and contraindicated in those who have history or having a bone cancer. For those patients who complain of sever back pain surgery might be suitable for them as a last solution although the efficacy and safety

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease of the bones generally brought on by the process of aging, unfortunately there can also be a number of underlying or secondary causes; however, preventative care and drug treatments can minimize the severity of this prevalent disease. Osteoporosis has been estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide (Bethel, 2015). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 9.9 million Americans have osteoporosis and an additional 43.1 million have low bone density.

Slowing the rate of calcium and bone loss, therefore stopping the disease processes are the goals in the treatment of osteoporosis. Medications should be considered from the following selections. Bisphosphonates (e.g. alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid) are the medications of choice for treating osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates help decrease the bone destruction by inhibiting hydroxyapatite breakdown, and increase bone mineralization, therefore increasing bone density (Medical Services

Older adults with low bone density are at significant risk of getting Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is known as a systemic skeletal disease with the characteristics of low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissues [1]. Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by testing an individual bone mass density. A score of -1.0 or above is the normal state an individual wants to get as a result after he or she takes the DXA-test (an instrument used to measure bone density). Anything below -1.0 and -2.5 means the individual has low bone density and should do something about it. Osteoporosis increases a person chances of bone fracture due to bone fragility. Bone mass density decreases as people age making osteoporosis more prevalent among older individuals [2]. In the US, there are more than 2 million fractures occurs annually as a result of osteoporosis, including 550,000 vertebral fractures and 300,000 hip fractures [3, 4]. Hospitalization, long-term care, impaired quality of life, disability and death are usually the events that occur after Osteoporotic fractures in older adults [5]. Osteoporosis is a viral disease that takes freedom away from older adults. It puts fear in older adult’s everyday life, which then leads to them not living their lives to the fullest like they would like to because they are afraid of breaking a bone or two which would lead to expensive medical bills. This limits the activities they can participate in or just makes them antisocial because if they aren’t going outside to “play”, they’ll be alone inside their room which could lead to depression and a very

Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[1] Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal

It is the choice of the diagnosed to the medication or opt for alternative therapies. There are various medications for osteoporosis these help to reduce the amount of bone lost. There are five types of medication they include Bisphosphonates, Strontium ranelate, Monoclonal antibodies, Hormone replacement therapy, and Selective oestrogen receptor modulators. There is also many different ways of treatment that do not require drugs. Some herbs and supplements have are suspected to decrease or even the stop bone loss caused by osteoporosis, such as Red Clover, Soy, and Black Cohosh. All of these are believed to contain oestrogen-like compounds as oestrogen can naturally protect the bones. Accoutre puncture and Tai Chi may also be used as alternative therapies. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine suggest that tai chi might be able to promote increased immune function and overall well being for older adults. It is also suggested to improve strength and coordination, and also reduces muscle or joint pain along with

Osteoporosis is a disease that is continuing to increase in numbers; as a result, the cost of care for individuals with the disease is also increasing. In 2005, seventeen billion dollars were spent to care for osteoporosis injuries. It is projected by 2050 that individuals over sixty-five years of age will increase from thirty-two million to sixty-nine million in the United States (AACE, 2010). Therefore more individuals will develop osteoporosis with age. From 2005 to 2025, with increasing age, estimated costs are expected to rise from seventeen billion dollars to twenty-five billion dollars (AACE, 2010). With outstanding projected figures, efforts to reverse the economical stance are focused on screenings, prevention, diagnosing,

It affects more than 10 million Americans over the age of 50, and more than 34 million are at risk for the disease. One out of every two women will sustain an osteoporosis-related fracture in her lifetime. Each year, osteoporosis causes 1.5 million new fractures. Of these fractures, 250,000 are hip fractures that result in death in more than 20 percent of women and 30 percent of men. Other risks include recurrent hospitalizations, increased office visits and often the need for care at extended treatment facilities. In individuals who have hip fractures, less than 25 percent of them regain full function. Talk to your doctor if you think you might be at risk for osteoporosis and ask about the benefits of oral bisphosphonates (like Fosamax, Actonel, and Boniva). Bisphosphonates are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to help prevent fractures. On the other hand, another medical term called osteonecrosis is bone damage that is extremely rare and occurs due to bone injury. The bone does not heal properly after the injury, and causes severe pain and swelling, then bone death. For example, osteonecrosis of the jaw could possibly occur in severe periodontal disease if a tooth needed to be extracted. In a situation with severe decay a simple extraction could possibly lead to the bone of the jaw not healing properly, and could result in extreme pain, inflammation, and

(Preview) Massage is widely practiced throughout the world and was brought to the United States years ago, since then we have improved our techniques and processes. There are many types of massage therapy, which can help with all kinds of physical ailments as well as improve one’s wellbeing.

Patients who are experiencing osteoporosis are most likely to be prescribed medication that will help reverse the progression of their disorder. Bisphosphonates like alendronate, also known as Fosamax, are given to these certain patients. This type of medication treats osteoporosis which can be caused from many different factors. Bisphosphate is taken orally and has some side effects that will need to be considered with certain patients.

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs used in the treatment of multiple diseases that result in the loss of bone mass. Such diseases include osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, and bone metastasis as a result of breast or prostate cancer. (Lam et al., 2007). There are several different mechanisms through which bisphosphonates work to prevent bone loss. One such method is to inhibit bone resorption by: preventing recruitment of osteoclasts to the site of bone injury, inhibiting osteoclast activity, and initiating apoptosis in osteoclasts. Certain classes of bisphosphonates are capable of inhibiting the proliferation and stimulating the apoptosis of cancer cells by interfering with the adhesion of the cells to the bone matrix. (Lam et al., 2007).

Massage therapy can help with alleviating muscle tension, diminishing stress, and bringing to mind feelings of calmness, along with helping chronic fatigue syndrome, easing chronic constipation, and enhancing self image. It also manipulates the activity of the musculoskeletal, circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous systems in the body. Clinical studies have revealed that massage relieves chronic back pain more effectively than other treatments and most times it is more cost effective than other treatments ("University of Maryland Medical Center").

United States has the highest rate in the world in cases of osteoporosis. According to The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) estimates that 10 million people (8 million women and 2 million men) in the United States have osteoporosis as of 2012” ("Osteoporosis “Lucent Books page 10). After all, 28 million Americans, 80% of them women, are affected by osteoporosis. Ten million already have the disease, and 18 million more have low bone mass and an increased risk for the disease; of the population over the age of 50 one out of two women and one out of eight men will have an osteoporosis-related fracture. According to figures provided by the NIH, “The estimated annual national expenditure on osteoporosis and related fractures (hospitals and nursing homes) is $14 billion" (“Osteoporosis” New Medical Therapies – Osteoporosis.)

When people think of a massage they think of a way to unwind and relax. Most importantly, they want to soothe away the aches and pains. More times than not a massage is a way to “treat” yourself. What if we used that same mentality to treat musculoskeletal injuries? Doctors use physical therapy to strengthen damaged muscles and ligaments thus regaining support lost by an injury. I believe that massage therapy can assist the healing process if done in conjunction with the proper physical therapy exercises.