Cutaneous Tuberculosis Essay

Tuberculosis is most of the feared and widespread that has harassed humans. Tuberculosis is a disease that affects the lungs and other organs too. This is a very serious disease that can cause death and the worse part is that this disease travels to one person to another. In the book, Know about Tuberculosis, a boy who has tuberculosis sneezed on another boy named Kevin who did not automatically catch tuberculosis, but the terms have taken root. According to the book, Know about Tuberculosis, “In the United States, about ten to fifteen million people are infected with this disease, but only ten percent of people are infected; however doctors assume that the battle against tuberculosis is increasing around the world.” Tuberculosis is among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection in which nodules referred to as tubercles grows in the bodies tissues, especially on the lungs. Tuberculosis is a

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can be spread in the lungs, lymph nodes, and bloodstream and to any part of an organ in the body. They are two types of tuberculosis which, is active and

Lupus comes from the translated word in Latin meaning wolf, Erythematosus comes from the Greek word ‘erythros’ meaning red, which in the thirteenth century a physician by the name of Rogerius diagnosed people with having these reddish lesions on their face that reminded him of a wolf bite. Lupus in the 1800’s was a term vaguely used to diagnose patients with lesions on their face. It was not until Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave (1795-1877) in 1851 made it his mission to study this disease and discover why this disease mainly attacked the part of the face, mainly the nose. In his book he describes it as

For the longest time, tuberculosis could only be identified by excruciating internal lesions. Confusingly, these lesions varied extremely by patient and only complicated potential diagnosis. The effects of tuberculosis remained entirely unknown until the astonishing discovery Robert Koch made in 1882 regarding the origin of tuberculosis: “It had thus evaded the medical profession for centuries, and it was not until Robert Koch’s identification of the tuberculosis bacillus in 1882 that its cause and means of transmission finally became known” (Byrne 2). Discovering the mysterious tuberculosis bacillus bacteria, Robert Koch provided a new foundation and first step towards learning more about the symptoms of tuberculosis. Utilizing Koch’s discovery, scientists and doctors suddenly acquired the ability to further investigate and research the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis, and therefore discovered that symptoms normally began to appear once a person became infected with small airborne particles. While examining people with the incompatible illness, they learned that tuberculosis directly affected the lungs, spine and kidney, which often results in bloody urine. Furthermore, additional symptoms included persistent coughing, chest pain, fever, night chills, and fatigue. Once symptoms

I will start with Latent TB which is most commonly known as inactive TB mainly because in this stage you have no symptoms of the disease. The second type of TB is Active TB which is the stage that you will begin to develop symptoms and feel sick. Third type of TB is Pulmonary TB which takes place in the blood and oxygen of the body. Finally the fourth type is Extrapulmonary TB which is when the disease spreads to other parts of the human body to effect different types of organs.

Afsar FS, Afsar I, Diniz G, Asilsoy S, Sorguc Y. Lupus vulgaris in a pediatric patient: a clinicohistopathological diagnosis. Brazilian J Infect Dis [Internet]. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Contexto Publishing; 2008 Apr [cited 2016 Jun 10];12(2):152–4. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702008000200011&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Tuberculosis, TB (tubercle bacillus) or MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a widespread, and in numerous cases fatal, communicable disease produced by a variety of forms of mycobacteria. The disease is distributed within the air when individuals who are infected with active TB infection sneeze, cough, or pass on breathing fluids throughout the air. Generally infections are asymptomatic, meaning they feel or show no symptoms, and dormant, but then again approximately one in ten dormant infections in the long run move on to the active disease. If left untouched, active TB is fatal to more than half of those infected.

Lupus can either be mild, or it can be lethal. Unfortunately, SLE is not contained to one part of the body, but rather can affect any part of the body (Lockshin, 2007). In order to help with the diagnosis of lupus, the American College of Rheumatology developed the “Eleven Criteria of Lupus” which contains the typical symptoms of SLE and is used by doctors to diagnose patients. Diagnosis, of course, is not limited to the eleven criteria. The first symptom is called the malar-rash, also known as the butterfly rash, is found on the face spread across the patient’s cheekbones. Second, are discoid patches, third is photosensitivity- a reaction to sunlight that results in skin rashes. Fourth is mouth or nose ulcers, where the mouth ulcers of someone who has lupus, is pain-free and appear at the roof of the mouth instead of on the sides. The fifth symptom is nonerosive

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the micro-organism Micobacterium Tuberculi. It occurs in all body parts except nail and hair. Most common tuberculosis is Pulmonary TB (TB of Lungs).

Diagnosing a TB patient is through taking proper medical history and physical examination to observe the characteristic symptoms of TB patients which are cough, weight loss, fever and/or night sweats (for pulmonary TB patients also may complain of coughing of blood) which might be mild for several months, this is why some patients neglect to see doctors early so they are kept without treatment for some time leading to the increase of chance of spread of the organism to other people (12). Other tools of diagnosing are chest x-ray especially in pulmonary TB (3), and doing some tests including sputum smear microscopy that is even though very old method, it is not only still used but also the most common test used globally. Because of the improvements of diagnosing procedures and due to WHO approval in 2016, there is increasing in the use of rapid molecular tests especially in diagnosing pediatric TB which is difficult to diagnose, and drug resistant TB which can not be detected by microscopy. The current

Tuberculosis does show any different physical signs than regular tuberculosis. Both forms of tuberculosis show coughing for more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood or mucus, chest pain, fatigue/weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite, fever, and chills (1). Tuberculosis is easily caught by a new patient because the air that is contaminated by a carrier of the bacteria who has been in the room for a rather long time. Meaning if a person visits the carrier and goes into the carrier’s bedroom for an extended length of time, then that person could possibly contract tuberculosis. Not only is immediate contact a key factor in developing tuberculosis, health, where a person lives, and if that person developed tuberculosis in the past. These factors all accumulate and help in the spread of the disease from person to person.

………………………… ……… ……. VIII Introduction …………………… …………………………………… 1 Aim of the Work …………………… ……………………………… 2 Review of Literature Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ……………… ..…

The most common site for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is the lungs (representing about 51% of UK cases), but dissemination may occur to any part of the body, resulting in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).Most common sites include lymph nodes (19%), pleura (7%), the gastrointestinal tract (4%),bone (6%), CNS (3%) and genitourinary system(1%).Disseminated or miliary disease (3% of UK cases) can also affect any organ. EPTB is under-recognized and diagnosis is often delayed, so it is important to appreciate the variety of different organ-specific clinical scenarios with which It may present, as well as the non-specific systemic symptoms of TB, such as fevers, night sweats and weight loss.