Cyber Crime And Transnational Crime Essay

Cybercrimes are one of the significant types of crimes that make various individuals vulnerable to victimization. Numerous types of cybercrimes exist throughout the world, including identity theft, spam, phishing, and online consumer fraud that relies on computer-based technology to facilitate criminal activities. The risk of cybercrime victimization influences individuals who differ in age, gender, ethnicity, and social class. This conveys that certain individuals are more likely to face cybercrime victimization than others. It’s also important to understand that certain countries are at a higher risk of cybercrime victimization due to the level of access towards technology and the effectiveness of different approaches to target these crimes. In this paper, I will discuss demographics such as age, gender, and level of education to predict the risk of cybercrime victimization and emphasize on different approaches that reduce the likelihood of cybercrime victimization.

Law Enforcement have always been tasked with having to evolve with the trends in crime throughout history. Unfortunately for Law Enforcement, they are always on the back end of that and are often behind for months before being able to counteract. Cyber crimes are no different. Cyber Crimes are a new and always developing form of crime that bases its entire agenda from taking advantage of its victims over the internet. Law Enforcement 's job is to assess and work to stop these crimes but it 's not that easy. These cyber crimes are heavily in the favor of the criminals and the lack of assistance to Law Enforcement makes it harder for them. The scams are always changing and the costs are adding up as Law Enforcement takes on Cyber crimes.

Essi Viding, a professor in the psychology and language sciences department of University College London, who was not involved in

Jurisdiction is the most prominent issue for enforcement officers to deal with international crimes stemming from the deep web. There are illegal markets for gambling, weapons, explosives, assassinations, exotic animals, terrorism and hacktivism all of which can be accessed by anyone in the world if they knew the right ways to get in. The darknet has an international customer base, and cases can get even more complicated when criminals from different countries start to work together. Questions of which country’s law should be followed and what punishment should be given arise, and not all parties involved end up satisfied. While it is impossible to please everyone with a trial and punishment, having an international court disfuses any issue concerning jurisdiction in order to deal with the criminal.

At the beginning of the second millennium, an era of information society, based on the increasing use of computers, computer technology, information technology, making available "everything to everyone, everywhere and always" very urgent problem of improving the legislation in the fight against various kinds of offenses in this area, and first of all crimes. Currently, computer crime, has acquired an international dimension, is already receiving an adequate assessment of the international community, in particular, is reflected in a special Convention on Cybercrime, signed in 2001 in Budapest, representatives of 30 countries, members of the Council of Europe. The scale of a virtual crime using the internet in the US can be seen from the following

The assigned reading thus far has been able to discuss and elaborate on the factors that are shaping transnational crime and its relations to national security. Four factors that can be considered is the fall of communism, failed governments, advancement in technology and finally economic liberalization. To begin with, the fall of communism lead to a breakdown of political and economic barriers in the world. With this sudden shift, people began to migrate between countries, deregulation of trade barriers began, and money being moved between free market countries and democracies were no longer regulated by the Soviet Union. However, though the Soviet Union was no longer in control there was a new power uprising. This new found power was at

In both Illict by Naim and Transnational Crime and the 21st century by Albanese , they were able to discuss the nature of gun, organ, and stolen property smuggling. Each type brings dangers to not only the victim but also the smuggler and host country. Moreover, these illicit activities can provide benefits to those involved but the harms caused by these activities typically outweigh the benefits. From previous reading, the process of globalization, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the advancement of technology has allowed for these crimes to advance. In fact, these types of crimes have grown at an unprecedented rate , which has created a wide array of networks that want to evade any policy and or laws to make their business profitable.

Cyber crime spans not only state and national boundaries, but the international boundaries as well. At the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, in a workshop devoted to the issues of crimes related to computer networks, cybercrime was broken into two categories and defined thus:

Next, if we look at the past 10 years, technology has made rapid advancements and continues to grow and improve till this day. Though advancements in technology have improved our daily lives, it has also increased the likelihood of transnational crime. Sadly, since technology is up-to-date or as some would argue ahead of its time, criminals are able to communicate easier without a hitch because modern system that allows legitimate business to run, also creates a window of opportunity for criminal transaction such as making an arrangement online, gives them the opportunity to coordinate smuggling and illicit trade acts, and a chance for them to cover their tracks lessening the chances of them being caught. For instance, global scamming of Nigeria

The agencies employed by governments to police the web in order to protect the vulnerable have seen an increase in child pornography and online fraud. The speed at which information can be distributed and the number of people that can be reached attracts those that are intent on causing harm. The term “cybercrime” is becoming more widely used. The financial gains that can be made and the anonymity the internet can provide, make the virtual world of cyberspace a haven for criminals. Although the internet has huge benefits for information gathering and social networking, in the wrong hands it can cause harm to the vulnerable and criminals are able to vanish into the underground with the use of false identities that are hard to track online.

Abstract- We are in a state where without computer and internet life does not seem possible. From the time of the evolution of computer and internet, large scale industries, commercial institutions, financial institutions have become more dependent on cyber space. But at the same time cyber crimes have become the biggest threat to the users of information technology. Considering cyber crimes, many countries have come-up with cyber laws, some countries have implemented them and some will implement. This essay has attempted to deal with cyber crimes and cyber laws; it has tried to solve the problems relating to cyber crimes.

Cyber Crime is described as criminal activity committed via use of electronic communications with respect to cyber fraud or identity theft through phishing and spoofing. There are many other forms of cyber-crime also such as harassment, pornography etc. via use of information technology.

Around 1989, the Internet was created and with its creation and new opportunities, new ranges of crimes also emerged: Computer crimes. Conveniently for criminals, there is no requirement for an offender to be at the scene of the crime physically, yet they achieve the same results. Due to the fact that computer crimes involve a certain knowledge of technology, it has become an attractive field for young people. Throughout the years after the invention of the internet, many criminal acts have been carried out by young offenders and law makers ought to quickly catch up in responding to new threats. Thus, while it is rather timely to adopt and create new laws that criminalise certain cyber activities, the criminal justice system in England and Wales developed various responses to young people who commit computer enabled and computer related crimes which, amongst others, include hacking.

Cyberterrorism, is an explosive and heavily volatile act that threatens the very fabric of networking operations of their intended target/s, and guess what, the United States “cyberspace” platform has provided a means of accessing our most secretive, sensitive, including, military tactical operations data. Successful attacks upon the US networking infrastructure would obviously impede governmental operation, more importantly; accessing a wealth of potentially destructive information would have profound implications, thus, Cybersecurity policies must be implemented. Cybersecurity policies create levels and barriers of networking security as their standards, guidelines, and response to potential threats, vulnerabilities, and

Transnational crime is a growing problem. Transnational crime is defined as “self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnational for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary and/or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption and/ or violence, or while protecting their illegal activities through a transnational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms.” (National Security Council, n.d.) . Transnational crimes are known under other names such as cross-national crime, global crime, international crime, and