Cyber Crime

In the early days of computing, a hacker was primarily referred to as a computer guru, someone who is extremely technical with a high expertise in computer also known as “Expert Programmers”. Nevertheless, as technology is advancing at a face pace, hacking has adopted a completely different definition. The modern definition is someone who access a computer system primarily to steal or destroy information. Hacking has caused major harm in the realm of technology. Over the years, hackers have become much more lethal in their craft. They manage to break into complex information systems from entities such as banks, government agencies, and private businesses. Furthermore, they often manipulate their victims through social engineering in order to obtain financial benefits. Hackers hold different label such as: black hat hacker and white hat hacker in which all have their own motives.

Open-Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created Linux, he determined that the more people or, the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and the possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open-source operating system ("Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source", 2003-2009).

Linux was originally developed as a hobby project by LINUX Torvalds. It was inspired by minx, a small UNIX system developed by

He is the founder and director of the World Wide Consortium (W3C) the forum for technical development of the Web. He is a graduate from Oxford University. He invented the Web while he was at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory, in 1989.

Steve Wozniak is often forgotten when thought about the origins of the company, but he played the biggest part. Wozniak was a

Profiling is an act which is almost impossible in hacking. This is because; hackers have different backgrounds and incomes. Moreover, hackers can either be male or female. Profiling could be a hard task but not totally impossible. According to Bednarz (2004), experts belive that by knowing the different skills, methods of operation and personal traits of computer criminals could be of great assistance in pursuing these criminals. In profiling such indivuals, one can consider their level of skill as well as motivations. Some have limited programming skills and mostly rely on pre-written scripts to initiate their attacks. Others are highly-trained professional cyberterrorists and criminals, with the right gear and skills to commit serious crime.

In 1991 Linus Torvalds began a project known as the Linux Kernel while attending the University of Helsinki. He had written the program specifically for the hardware he was using at the time and then he had also wanted it to be independent of the operating system. There are some reasons known of why Linus Torvalds had started his original project in Linux. Two of these such reasons are in 1983 the GNU project was born, and its creator was Richard Stallman. He had the goal in mind of creating a free UNIX like operating system. Later Stallman had also created the GNU General Public License. Linus had stated that these had a lack of being widely adopted, and that he wanted to create free kernel that would be available quickly. If the GNU Hurd or any of the other kernels had been available, then there is a possibility that Torvalds never would have written his own in the first place.

“Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary” by Linus Torvalds and David Diamond is the account of how Linus Torvalds created the computer operating system Linux in 1991 to his (then) current account in 2001. In the book Torvalds outlines from how it all started for his personal need, to the infamous Tanenbaum debates, to gaining commercial popularity in the present. The book is written by mainly by Torvalds with Diamond giving his own experiences with Torvalds throughout. Torvalds is very qualified because he was the one to actually create the operating system and likewise the book is about his own experiences. However Diamond is also qualified in his writing as he had previously written for both The New York Times and the popular

He was also famous for his marketing failure with the Pentium chip flaw. When it was released that the chip had a defect, customers went berserk. He explained that it was only going to effect a very small portion of users, who used the system to nth degree, but customers weren’t listening. He assumed because most of his customers would never experience any negative effects with their regular use that by just telling them that fact, that it would be enough to calm them back into a happy state, however it did not. Because of his drive and his passion to adapt with new knowledge and change, this failure only fueled him to discovery. After rethinking it, a customer’s perception became the new reality, he was led to something in marketing that was even more powerful than the truth, which was is more often than not merely the perception of it. This concept lead him to a very successful marketing campaign idea, which was the very famous Intel inside marking. Which remains one of the most successful marketing campaigns in world

The man who was first to make a machine who had helped to make communication easier for everyone and changed the world by allowing people

From 1997 to 1999, he was involved in 86open helping to choose the standard binary format for Linux and Unix. In 1999, he was named by the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the world's top 100 innovators under age 35.In 1999, Red Hat and VA Linux, both leading developers of Linux-based software, presented Torvalds with stock options in gratitude for his creation.That same year both companies went public and Torvalds's share value temporarily shot up to roughly US$20 million.

The two men who had only had experience creating operating system software set out to create what would become one of the most successful and respected

Linux is then officially belongs to the world [2]. Linux kernel was first published under its own license by Linux, which had a restriction on commercial activity under its own license [2]. GNU GPL, which used in version 0.99 was then published in the mid-December 1992 [2]. In 1996, Linus announced that the mascot for Linux wound be a penguin [2]. This is because Linus was bitten by a penguin on his visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium at Canberra [2]. However, an original draft of today’s well known mascot had been provided by Larry Ewing based of this description [2].

Berners Lee is a British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web. Timothy John Berners Lee was born on 8

The Linux was originally founded by Linus Torvalds. In 1991, he was a second year computer science student in Finland. He sought after an operating system that was similar to the UNIX system, but both UNIX and the hardware it ran on were excessively expensive. A UNIX version called Minix was available for free, but it did not reasonably meet his needs as it was simply an operating system for students, designed primarily as a teaching tool rather than an industry strength operating system. As a result, Torvalds studied Minix and proceeded to set out to write a new version. After six months of working to produce the new operating system, Torvalds made very little progress toward the utility of the system.