Cyberstalking, Personal Privacy

The Internet is today’s encyclopedia. Information about any topic may be discovered with a quick type of a few keywords in a search bar and a click of the search button. The Internet often receives the world’s breaking news at the same time, or even before, as the major news networks. It has become the source that informs people about the current news; someone could find a billion articles about the breaking news within a few seconds. It also provides the user with convenience. For example, one may go directly to their desired article at any time instead of waiting for the scheduled news time and having to listen to all of the reports before hearing the one they wanted. The Internet is not only used to discover the recent news, it can also be used for research regarding history. The Internet may prove as a very valuable asset while writing a research paper on a specified topic on which you do not possess much knowledge. For example, the Internet would be advantageous to a student writing a research paper about black history and the civil right movement if the pupil had never heard of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The Internet is not only used for productive reasons; it may also be used for recreational purposes. For example, one may go to YouTube and watch silly videos just for fun. Someone having such easy access to information is not always a good thing. In today’s time, people are careless about what they post on the Internet. Some people release their personal information like their full name, address, contact number, birthday, and social security number. Some may find disclosing this information harmless; however, the owner of this information may suffer dire consequences it enters the wrong hands. The exposure of this information puts the person at risk for identity theft. For example, someone’s credit may be ruined of the wrong person gets their person information. The Internet

They explain that the telephone were originally marketed as a time saver for commercial use and later, it for residential use where it took telephone companies over twenty years to advertise and market the sociability of the telephone even though they were aware that was being ‘misuse’ by them . Cassell and Cramer try to discuss that the relationship between the production and consumption of technology been part of the culture that facing in the society. The media’s represent in both perpetrators and victims of online crimes.. The media continues to portray the stereotype where the fact that statistics cited in this article suggest that the majority of the one in seven solicitations that young people reported in the latest Youth Internet Safety Survey (YISS) do not come from the stereotype of the older male Internet predator but from family, friends and peers. The use of this statistic was convincing, however I was more doubtful about their argument that the victim were not from teen girl even though they acknowledge that the girls aged from 14 – 17 experience the highest rate of online solicitation. They argue the fact that solicitations for girls aged between 14 and 17 had dropped by 11 percent. It try to show that statistics can be used to support any argument. It was interesting to note that even been funded by the YISS, they try to hide their findings base on how to reduce stranger solicitation that could increase exposure to sexual material and

Some of the most common cyber-crimes are cyberstalking, identity theft, spam and phishing among others. Cyber stalking has been classified as one of prevalent cybercrimes with many internet users falling victims of cyber bullying. Cyber stalkers meet their victims in different ways; mostly they normally have a relationship either in the real world or online world. Cyberstalking starts when this relationship ends. However, strangers who have collected information on the internet can also be cyber stalkers. The desire to control and even harm their victims is what motivates cyber stalkers. They may go to the measures of personifying their victims and post messages or controversial posts on the boards and chat rooms. In this real regard, cyberstalking is a real crime (Mansourabadi, 2014).

In the essay, “Tracking Is an Assault on Liberty” by Nicholas Carr, he argues the importance of privacy when one is surfing the web. Carr writes how companies personalize ads they provide on the internet based on our personal information. We are not aware of the consequences and the information we disclose about ourselves on the internet. Everything we do on the internet is recorded and stored. Nicholas Carr uses ethos and counter argument/refutation to express to his audience that their privacy is being violated.

While others use computers for online gambling others use the cyberspace as an easy tool to seek for sex. Perpetrators use the technology to hide their identities, some participants are married, well-educated with a college degree, politicians, male, and white, seeking being sex stimulated. Pornography Cyber-stalkers use the cyber space for harassing, and threat people by sending emails, letters, and text messages to their victims causing fear. In some cases stalkers use this technology to find personal information of their victims, such as address, phone number, email. People may use Cyber-hate to send anonymously hate messages toward others. This method also is use to express discrimination against minority groups through the cyberspace. Every day more and more crimes are committed thought the internet. If someone being victimized of a cyber-crime on the internet, is encourage to reporter it to the local law enforcement agency, resulting in

Stalking has been defined by J. Reid Meloy, recognized as the authority on stalking, as “[Stalking is] an abnormal or long term pattern of threat or harassment directed towards a specific individual” (Bocij, 2004, p. 6). Pathé and Mullen define stalking as “A constellation of behaviors in which one individual inflicts on another repeated unwanted intrusions and communications” (Mullen, Pathé, & Purcell, 2000, p. 7). In general stalking can include several components: 1) an undesirable habit or conduct such as following, spying, or making unwanted phone calls; 2) the target of these attentions, or a “reasonable person,” would feel fear or a similar emotion such as distress, annoyance, or torment; and 3) there is a sincere danger of harm to the target of the attentions (Nobles, Reyns, Fox, & Fisher, 2014). Cyberstalking has even less cohesion in its legal definition. Generally it includes the use of electronic communication to do any of the following things in two on two or more occasions: communicating with an individual after being asked to stop; harassing, annoying, or tormenting an individual; making unwelcome sexual advances towards an individual; and threatening an individual with physical violence (Reyns, 2012). It has also been defined

The Internet, largely debated about regarding its existence and whether its benefits outweigh its demerits, is considered the greatest creation. The Internet contains a plethora of information ranging from science to entertainment as well as one’s entire life story. While the Internet is incontrovertibly man's greatest creation, it's benefits and demerits including privacy, security, infringement of rights and freedom of speech are brought to light in the highly opinionated right to be forgotten debate. A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury.

a crime of power and control, is conservatively defined as “ a course of conduct directed

As presence of technology increases in our daily lives, there are more cases of reported cyberstalking. Cyberstalking is the use of technology to persistently harass another individual. Cyberstalking is not only the harassment of a person using the internet and other means of stalking can be solicitation of a sexual act, vandalism, assault, slander etc. Out of all stalking victims, one out four of reported some form of cyberstalking such as e-mail (83%) or instant messaging (35%). Due to poor state and federal legislation, cyberstalking is not top priority to the officials at the federal state, and even local level. The Violence Against Women Act of 2000 ,

The introduction and recent rapid mass adoption on the internet has led to a plethora of new and sometimes novel problems, not only for law enforcement but for state and federal legislatures and judges of all circuits and levels in the United States and also for similar bodies around the world. While the internet, sometimes referred to as the world wide web or simple “the web” has been around and in use since the early 1970’s, it was not until the mid to late 1990’s that it really stated to take off and become engrained in American society. Much like the internet bullying, harassment, stalking and victimization has existed prior to the internet and stretching back far

The aim of this paper is to examine the questions “Internet morality: Should it be the same as real world morality? Should we have the same expectations?” In this paper three areas of the Internet have been discussed to examine how the morality of the Internet world relates to the expectations we have of morality in the real world. The main findings of the paper show that currently interactions within the Internet do not conform to our expectations of morality, when compared to real world situations. In the examples explored the use of personal data, the sharing of copyrighted material and through offensive online messages it is shown how many users of the Internet demonstrate little in the way of an understanding of the morality and implication of the actions they are taking. The conclusions of this paper are that we do not see real world morality translated to the Internet world, however it is something we should expect and strive for.

Privacy concerns on the web have become an undesirable consequence that people face with cyber technology. The ability of computers to gather and store unlimited amount of information from the internet raises privacy issues concerning an individual’s informational privacy. A person’s right to informational privacy is the ability to control the flow of their personal information, including the transfer and exchange of that information. An invasion of informational privacy denies people the right to control who accesses their personal information. Many internet users are unaware that they are more likely to compromise their privacy when using the internet services such as search engines and social networking sites. The internet provides access to an incredible amount of information from all over the world. Some internet users use the internet exclusively as a source of information while other internet users use the internet to create and disseminate information for others to use. However, the vast amount of information floating on the internet would not

The 21st Century brought a great amount of developments on the field of communication. The most distinguished one, with no doubt, is the Internet, which enabled instant and constant communication from one point of the planet to the other. However, not everything has been grandiose: this power to communicate brought along several new ways of damaging others. One of the most common new crimes related to this phenomenon is cyberstalking, which is many times confused with both cyberbullying and cyberharassment.

Did you know that you have an online profile? No; not just a Facebook profile or Instagram profile, but rather a very detailed dossier, with information including your full name, age, gender, address, occupation, income, phone number, IP address, hobbies, interests, physical and mental health issues, places you frequent, social media accounts, and much much more. Surprised yet? That 's just the start. With the rise of newer, more portable technology, the internet has rapidly started to play a very crucial part in our everyday lives; we can search where the nearest coffee shop is, buy and sell things, message friends, share thoughts, pictures, and videos, watch movies, play games, browse forums- the possibilities are nearly endless, and it is all at our fingertips; however there is a catch... Your every move is being tracked by data brokers, and nothing is sacred. Just by a few clicks, a personal profile, or dossier, can be built up, and sold for money, behind your back, and without your permission. With Edward Snowden exposing the NSA 's data logging technology in June 2013, the debate on internet privacy has been brought into the light, and many provoking questions have arisen. Is it right to let companies take your data without your permission? Should they legally have to tell you? Is this a violation of the 4th amendment? Should you have the right to opt-out? Is your

The Court of Justice for the European Union (CJEU) ordered that search engines are regulators of processing personal data under the European Union Data Protection Directive, passed in May 2014. (Abril & Lipton, 2014). This order requires search engines to remove links from search results intrusive to individual’s privacy rights under this directive and is viewed as a component of the “Digital Right to be Forgotten Act.” The ruling raised debate among the industry as to whom will assume responsibility for online privacy assurance and protection. Interpretation of the law has been ambiguous, the law doesn’t uphold the right to be forgotten, but merely sustains a