Cygnus A: Strongest Radio Sources

As this matter spirals into the black hole it creates what is known as an accretion disk, which accelerates and heats up emitting X-rays which can then be detected by astronomers.[6]

The amazing amount of radiation coming from the disk of gas is ripping the galaxy apart.

Halos are the gaseous atmospheres of galaxies. The properties of these gaseous halos control the rate at which stars form in galaxies according to models of galaxy formation, explained the lead Nicolas Lehner. The gargantuan halo is estimated to contain half the mass of the stars in the Andromeda galaxy itself, in the form of a hot, diffuse gas. If it could be viewed with the naked eye, the halo would be 100 times the diameter of the full Moon in the sky. This is equivalent to the patch of sky covered by two basketballs held at arm's length.

It also has the ability to collect sufficient light from the dim and distant stars. After information was captured, it was then reviewed on a computer. The focus was placed on the black vertical lines known as absorption lines which corresponded with different chemical elements in the outer shell of the star. The information that has been collected and analyzed over the past years shows both halo stars and dim dwarf galaxy stars have weak absorption lines. When the photon energy is close to the energy difference between the lower and higher states, the process is called resonance, this produces high absorption. When the opposite is true, the absorption is small (Frebel,

Cygnus is a Greek myth about two friends named Cygnus and Phaeton. They both decide to go chariot racing together. Cygnus and Phaeton race too close to the heavens, and shattered down to Earth. Cygnus ended up not getting hurt, but his friend’s dead body was trapped in the bottom of the Eridanus River. Again and again, Cygnus dove in the water to retrieve his beloved friend for a proper burial, but fell short each time. Zeus, the god of the gods was moved because Cygnus was so noble, and gave the exceptional friend a choice: immortality or a swan. Zeus said that if Cygnus wanted to be a swan, he would live as a swan for the rest of his life. Boldly, Cygnus chose to be a swan to obtain his friend. Zeus was moved by the heroic act, and decided

What probably has been the core of the “target” galaxy can be seen as a small yellow area at 5 o’clock inside the newly formed ring. Massive star formation dominates the ring. Infrared observations also reveal a strong

The scientists using the NASA/ESA Hubble and NASA’s Herschel telescopes looked further out into the Universe. They want to observe the early galaxies. According to the scientists, 83 percent of all stars formed since the Bing Bang were actually located in disc-shaped galaxies.

Discoveries of what were termed “nebulae” began in the early 17th century. The first of these discoveries was the Orion Nebula, which looked like a normal star to the naked eye. French scholar Peiresc discovered it in 1610 using one of the first telescopes to be made. Later, in 1656, Christiaan Huygens observed the interior of the Orion Nebula and determined that it consisted of a compact quadruple star system instead of a singular star. During the 18th and 19th century, nebulas were discovered even though astronomers were mainly scanning the sky for comets. Some major astronomers who contributed greatly to the discovery of nebulas, among other things, during the 18th and 19th century were Messier and the Herschel family. Though the instrumentation available to astronomers during the 18th and 19th century were highly advanced compared to earlier times, they weren’t advanced enough to detect the motion of extragalactic objects or their composition. This lack of precision instrumentation, and thus the dissociation from motion of stars/star-clusters/nebulae, were the main reasons astronomers during this

∼ 100 times brighter than the stars of its host galaxy. Seyferts and QSOs, however, are not

The Orion Nebula contains one of the brightest star clusters in the night sky. With a magnitude of 4, this nebula is easily visible from the Northern Hemisphere during the winter months. It is surprising, therefore, that this region was not documented until 1610 by a French lawyer named Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. On March 4, 1769, Charles Messier inducted the Orion Nebula, M42, into his list of stellar objects. Then, in 1771, Messier released his list of objects for its first publication in Memoires de l'Academie.1

“Active galactic nuclei” are objects occupying the center of many galaxies that consist of an accreting supermassive black hole and are some of the most luminous and powerful bodies in our known Universe. In the galactic-BH accretion process, gaseous matter from the galaxy is pulled into the black hole and is converted to into radiation that is then released radially outward into the host galaxy. Due to the rapid-fire accretion onto the Supermassive Black Hole, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can emit radiation into their host galaxies that span much of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays, IR, UV, and radio waves. Researchers have organized AGN into groups based on their

The Virgo Stellar Stream, also known as Virgo Over density, is the proposed name for a stellar stream in the constellation of Virgo which was discovered in 2005.The stream is thought to be the remains of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that is in the process of merging with the Milky Way. It is the largest galaxy visible from the Earth, in terms of the area of the night sky covered.

The image above depicts an irregular, barred spiral galaxy with two loose arms rotating in a counterclockwise rotation, and a possible galaxy collision could have caused this abnormal shape. The blue color suggests that hotter, newer stars are present and forming within this galaxy, possibly more so than the red, hotter stars. Also, the bright object on the lower right looks to likely be a blue star with small diffraction lines that is located much closer to us than the

Most lenticular galaxies are the remains of old spirals that have lost their gas. Most elliptical galaxies are the remains of several spiral galaxies that have collided. Usually, galaxy clusters are filled with hot gas that is spread throughout the cluster. Yet, there is no hot gas out in the field. When radiation from the hot gas hits a spiral galaxy, it removes the spiral galaxy and becomes converted into a gas-poor lenticular galaxy. Spiral galaxies cannot survive the hot gas environment.

A galaxy, also called a nebula, consists of billions of stars, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter which are all bound to form a massive cloud in which we live in. Although it cannot be very well explained, dark matter makes up at least 90% of a galaxy’s mass.