Cytomegalovirus: Ubiquitous and Underdiagnosed The cytomegalovirus is in the herpesviridae family of over one hundred known herpes viruses. In this family, only eight infect humans. Of these eight, the further classification into three subfamilies stems from what type of tissue that the virus invades, infects, and that symptoms display. The cytomegalovirus is considered to be in the second subfamily, attacking the immune system on a cellular level (Fagerberg, Smith, & Grimes, 2013). This virus doesn’t end its work there, however. It will attack muscle tissue and neuronal cells. It is associated with hearing and vision loss in infants and children who were congenitally infected. This complication may not arise for years and may not be …show more content…
Indications can be any combination of the following manifestations: fever, ulcers, hepatitis, encephalitis, seizures, coma, and vision trouble from retinitis to blindness. Among other symptoms or signs as internal organs are attacked are the less common but possible emergence of the evidence of activity of this virus including splenomegaly, anemia, or lymphadenopathy (Fagerberg et. al., 2013). Avoiding transmission of the cytomegalovirus includes some common sense steps such as hand washing after a diaper change or wiping the nose of a young child, not sharing food or drink and never putting a child’s pacifier in your own mouth. Surfaces involved in diaper changing or potty training of young children should also be decontaminated after every use. For the prevention of this and other communicable diseases, never share a toothbrush with anyone. Children do not commonly spread this virus to their parents, but it can happen. Among adults who work in a child care setting, this number is likely higher. Since otherwise healthy adults rarely exhibit symptoms or develop complications from exposure to or contraction of the cytomegalovirus, there are no unusual precautions added to their protocol other than those already in place to maintain a hygienic …show more content…
Antiviral drugs may be prescribed for immunocompromised individuals to help prevent the cytomegalovirus from replicating inside the host and causing more damage as it acts. There is also the idea of using antivirals in cases of congenital contraction of CMV; the studies seem to show a lessening of the neurologic damage that can manifest later that is attributed to this virus. There are even vaccines in development to decrease the likelihood of transmission from the mother to her child (Fagerberg et. al,
Coughing and sneezing can spread the viruses easily. Infected stool may be infectious, such as changing a diaper or children use hands to touch their stool before touching another objects and put in their mouths..
RSV is the most common cause of LRTI’s leading to morbidity and mortality in children across the world. Most children have acquired an RSV infection by the time they reach 2 years of age. It is typical to see these infections during the winter/early spring seasons in temperate regions, and during the rainy seasons in tropical areas. This is likely due to the increase of indoor crowding related to weather. The transmission of RSV requires close contact by either a large particle aerosol, or by contamination of hands followed by an inoculation into the eye or nose. Secondary infections are seen in in family contacts of an individual with a primary case due to their close contact.
As a childminder you have to make sure that if you have a child with an infectious disease that you don’t let the child get in contact with other children. This sometimes means asking the parents to keep their child at home.
There are a few easy steps you can take to protect yourself and your baby from the virus
Cytomegalovirus comes from the herpes virus family, and causes infection that can be either congenital or passed from pregnant mother to child (Torpy, 2010). The virus is transmitted through bodily fluids, and can be avoided by following proper hand hygiene (Torpy, 2010). Cytomegalovirus is often
Herpes is a highly contagious viral infection with the family of eight different types of virus that affect the human body. There are (HHV1) which is also known as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). This type target the facial area with cold sores on the lip of the mouth. Also, there is (HHV2) that is refer to as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) which typically causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted infection. Another is (HHV3) that is called varicella-zoster virus. HHV3 causes chickenpox. It can also cause a recurrent virus infection of the skin, which is called herpes zoster or shingles. In addition, there is the (HHV4) which is known as the Epstein-Barr virus. It is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis, or "mono" - the "kissing disease." It is a contagious infection and is passed on through saliva. Coughing, sneezing, or sharing utensils with an infected individual. Also, the (HHV5) it is the official name of cytomegalovirus (CMV) which is also the cause of mononucleosis. People that has a healthy immune system this virus at times does not show any symptom It can be sexually transmitted, it can cause problems to newborns, and cause hepatitis. Not only through sexual contact can CMV be passed on but, also by breast- feeding, blood transfusion, or by organ transplant. This infection is one of the hardest complication on Aid Victims It causes diarrhea, severe vision impairment including blindness, infections of the stomach and intestines, and even death. There is
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is most commonly contracted as a child although anyone can contract the virus at any age. The first initial contact with the infection is higher between ages 6 months to 3 years old. By age 5, more than 1/3 of children in low income areas are infected opposed to 20% of children in middle income areas (Ehrlich,
Education and training about the risks of Norovirus is one of the most important, if not most important, form of precaution. Staff of the aged-care facility must be adept to recognize early signs of outbreak, be prepared and knowledgeable to swiftly manage the outbreak and reduce their susceptibility to the outbreak as well. Having the right knowledge and skill in infection control, the nurses in the aged-care can provide optimum care for the elderly patient.
Despite the fact that the virus is considered minor depending on the ages range the patient is infected with the virus because teens, adults, newborns, and those with weakened immune system tend to have more severe complication of encephalitis, infection, pneumonia, and sterile/infertile than children infected with the virus just goes through the minor complication.. On the other hand, now the vaccine is accessible now to help prevent Varicella Virus or control the critical side effect those already infected with the virus. In spite of the fact that the individuals who contaminated with the virus before are unrealistic to be infected again, because our immune system produces immunization toward the varicella virus after healing from the virus building an antibodies can be passed to newborns from expected mother. There is a possibility of being tainted with another type of the virus is great dues the fact that the virus is still in our nervous system sitting doormat, can be activated again into shingle (herpes
It is pertinent to understand the dissemination process of Norovirus. The most common way of Norovirus transmission is through direct contact with the infected person. Person shedding the virus is highly contagious. Being in a semi-closed environment with an infected person, such as a common room in a nursing home can also facilitate infection. Another method of catching the Norovirus is by faecal-oral route. It can happen by touching surfaces contaminated with vomit and/or faeces from an infected person, as well as touching other fomite harbouring the virus. In addition to that, consumption of contaminated food and shellfish is also associated with transmission of the. Knowledge in Norovirus transmission process is necessary in devising
Anyone who breathes the air in that room, even if the infected person has left, has just been exposed. Other bacteria, such as polio, can live on surfaces for up to two months. Anyone who touches that item your child has handled, even a month or two ago, has just been exposed. Some bacterial infections, such as rubella or pertussis, may appear to be nothing more than a minor cold, until the rash or whooping appears, but are contagious for several days before that. Anyone who comes into contact with your child who “just has the sniffles,” has just been exposed. Measles, polio, and pertussis are life-threatening, particularly for immune compromised people and infants. Rubella can cause birth defects and miscarriage when a pregnant woman is exposed. Those who choose to refuse vaccination for their child are then potentially exposing other people to life-threatening diseases, with the threat of causing a senseless, highly preventable, and utterly disastrous
Once the virus makes its way into the cell it finds a host cell to infect. This particular virus attaches itself to the cytoplasm of the cell which then gives it the ability to multiply.This process is also known as the lytic cycle. The virus reproduces many more within the cytoplasm, weakening the cell wall enough that it will burst and set the new viruses free. The virus is carried by the bloodstream to the nerve cells of the brain. It reaches the frontal lobe of the brain which controls speech, eventually slowing down the process of speech. Bunya-Hantaviridae Mortifero also reaches the spinal cord nerves which then makes contact with other nerve cells, sending signals to the sensory cortex, causing the infected person to have a sensibility to touch. Since the virus reaches the brain cells, it causes irritation to brain tissues, therefore leading to bleeding within the brain and eventually
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double stranded DNA virus that causes no to mild flu-like symptoms in normal individuals. However, it can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. CMV is a major cause for birth defects. Infants who develop congenital CMV infection experience seizures, intellectual disability, muscle weakness, and hearing loss. According to the National CMV Foundation, 1 in every 150 babies are infected with CMV per year, making it one of the most common congenital viral infection in the United States. In previous studies, researchers found poliovirus can bind to the lipopolysaccharide of enteric bacteria. By doing so, the poliovirus enhances infectivity and association with the host cell. Inspired by these findings, our
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis) is a viral infection of the retina in the eye which activates in people with a weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, recipients of organ donations and newborns. The
Babies with congenital CMV who are sick at birth tend to have significant signs and symptoms, including: