DDT Case Study

A positive consequence of DDT is its effectiveness, even in the face of pesticide resistance in the anopheles mosquito. The eradication of malaria in the United States and the health of US Soldiers while fighting in World War II can be greatly credited to the use of DDT

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has had a huge impact on the fight against malaria, helping to ensure the control or eradication of malaria in many countries around the world in the mid-twentieth century. However, since its peak in the 1960s, succeeded by environmental and health concerns about the usage of the insecticide, more and more countries have been banning the use of DDT.

The use of pesticides is an important decision that thousands of communities face each year. Nobody likes dealing with mosquitos and the diseases they bring so using chemicals and pesticides is an option but with other consequences. Mosquitos carry West Nile Virus that affects the city of Genericville every year with 50 cases projected this year in the city and two fatalities as well. On the other hand, the chemicals proposed for controlling the mosquito population has its own risks. The pesticide Malathion is also dangerous to people if they come in contact with it before it degrades. The potential for citizens of the city being exposed is almost a certainty

2. DDT was created as one of the most commonly used modern synthetic insecticides in the 1940s. In 1939, DDT was discovered as an effective chemical agent to help end many diseases carried by insects, and some claim that it was a revolution for effectiveness and safety. It is a white powder that is odorless and insoluble, which can cause multiple complications in the environment in organisms as well as areas in which they live.

DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane) was one of the most commonly used pesticides during the mid-1900's. This chemical was found to be effective in killing mosquitoes, thus stopping malaria epidemics, and was also useful against farm pests. However, mosquitoes often became resistant to this unnatural chemical after a generation or so of selective breeding. In fact, this pesticide did much more than simply getting rid of the insects pestering man. The most deadly feature of DDT was its ability to move through the food chain at a deadly pace.

According to Rachel Carson, it is humans that destroy the Earth. We are so quick to bring in outside and manmade chemicals such as pesticides that we do not even attempt to keep pace with the pace of this world by adapting to our surroundings; we as humans should be playing by the rules set by nature. By adapting to nature, we will be able to survive. DDT, or dichlorodiphenyithchloroethane, is a highly toxic pesticide. This chemical killed off wildlife that fed off pests that were affected by DDT. This highly toxic pesticide is colorless, tasteless and almost odorless. It’s known for its insecticidal properties and environmental impacts. Unfortunately, it’s available in multiple forms consisting of: xylene/petroleum distillates, emulsifiable

With all this focus on the development of new drugs to combat malaria, an old effective method has been forgotten. The chemical DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) has proven effective in reducing malaria cases. Popularly used as a pesticide in the middle of the twentieth century, killed the mosquito population that was responsible for malaria related deaths. The number of people in India that contracted malaria in the 1940’s was approximately 75 million a year with 800,000 dying as a result. With the introduction of DDT, the number of cases dropped to 50,000 by 1961. Similar cases have been documented in Sri Lanka, where the number of cases dropped in 18 years from 3 million to 29 after the introduction of DDT (“DDT Delirium,” 2002). The difference in numbers is staggering.

Integrating mosquitoes to the ecosystem, can bring a huge repercussions to humanity. So the best way to protect humans is killing the mosquitoes before the can transfer any type of diseases, the best way of doing it, is using the DDT. It is affective, as nontoxic to humans and inexpensive to produce. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was published. It cataloged the environmental impacts of widespread DDT spraying in the United States and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of potentially dangerous chemicals into the environment without understanding their effects on the environment or human health. The book claimed that DDT and other pesticides had been shown to cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds. According to Rachel Carson’s it seems that it only matter when it is a threat for the United States, because diseases carried by mosquitoes does not affect directly to the United States citizens. But it affects the rest of the countries, especially Latin America and Africa. Under U.S law, pesticide are not permitted to be used in the Unites States can still manufactured and export in the U.S for use elsewhere. That’s a clear example of environment racism, why it is not permitted to be used in the U.S and it is permitted to export to others countries? I have always asked that way every single disease on earth start in Africa, it because of this environmental privilege that some countries have from another. The United States knows the environmental and humanitarians effects of his products to the Latin America and Africa society but they do not care, they keep sending “poison” to other countries and those countries in order to protect their citizens they keep buying those products because they do not know the secondary effects of the

The mosquito is a murderous insect which cause many diseases especially malaria. Malaria is a debilitating disease didn’t which is prevalent in underdeveloped countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa. It claims millions of lives worldwide and affect children under the age of 5 more than any other group. Over the years, scientists have discovered and development several solutions to this problem. One of those solution is DDT short for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, this substance is an insecticide use to kill pest such as mosquitoes. Scientists figure that the pesticide should prevent dangerous mosquitoes from infecting human with diseases. Many people believe that this pesticide is the best solution to reducing malaria. They back up their claims by using research results with conducted that DDT save many lives globally. They are outrage at the fact that DDT is ban in many countries. DDT advocate clearly do not see any problem with the use of DDT despite its many negative side effect associated with it. DDT, like many pesticide is known to negatively impact human health and the environment. There are many reasons why governmental around the global have decide to protect their people and environment by banding the pesticide. DDT should not be used by anyone because it causes more harm and good, it is unethical, and there are safer alternative available.

Pesticides are toxic and go through many different testings and procedures before they are put on the shelf in various industries. One general method that is used to asses toxicity of pesticides before released for sale is the LD50 (Lethal Dose 50) method. This method is conducted by calculating the most accurate dose of toxin that will kill animals 50% of the time. Before determining an accurate LD50 of a chemical however, a range finding analysis of the chemical will be performed in order to calculate the most accurate LD50. Undergoing this procedure includes using a wide-spread range of concentrations which are mostly preformed at log dose intervals.

Over a length of time a community of 20, 000 everyone will be exposed to Malathion at some point. After extensive research the risk will be far greater not to utilize Malathion during the summer season when the Mosquitoes are more prevalent than any other season. Mosquitoes carry more of a health risk than Malathion. Training on the proper handling of Malathion can lower the risk of exposure. It will be the best interest of the community to proceed with the plan to use

In Africa, An. gambiae and An. funestus are the two most efficient primary malaria vectors are which are anthropophilic, endophilic, endophagic, and late-night biting [13] In contrast, An. arabiensis, a species belonging to the same complex as An. gambiae, is more plastic in its behaviour, exhibiting more often zoophily, exophily, exophagy, and early night biting as compared to An. gambiae and An. funestus. However, different factors can influence the behaviour of the anophelines. This has been shown for An. gambiae in several study sites. A double choice experiment in Burkina Faso for example shows that 88% of An. gambiae choose for a human odour baited trap and only 12% for a cattle odour

Based on surveillance and monitoring Genercville, the wetlands have become a breeding ground for mosquitoes. The proposal is to use the pesticide Malathion in order to control the problem of mosquitoes that could possibly infect the people with the West Nile Virus. The following is my analysis and evaluation of this pesticide.

Departing from MDA chemotherapy, other forms of vector control is the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides. MDA and use of LLINs and IRS techniques are all problematic for similar reasons. First and foremost, use of insecticides has been closely tied to the development of resistance on the part of the vector. Several studies have demonstrated increased resistance of Anopheles species to insecticides previously used for control measures in the region, including organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids (Benelli, Jeffries, & Walker, 2016). For example, the exposure time required to kill 50% of the An. gambiae population in an area in

Vector control strategies also include the application of pesticides to areas where water collects from various sources and provides breeding sites for mosquitoes. The Conventional formulations like Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) & Wettable Powder (WP) (Slavica Gašić et al., 2013; Muhammad Sarwar et al., 2015), used to