DETAILED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS

There are two basic cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotic. The prokaryotes are molecules surrounded by membrane and cell wall, it has no membrane-bound nucleus and are multicellular. All bacteria, are cells of members Kingdom Prokaryotae, are called prokaryotic. They have a simple structure, do not have complex organelles and internal membranes. Where the eukaryotes is a more complex cell than the prokaryotes which are, protoctista animal, fungi, or plant cells.

There are three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They include membrane-bound organelles, presence of a nucleus, and being multicellular or unicellular.

There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.

Well prokaryote is the name given to organisms that are made up from cells that lack a cell nucleus or cells that lack any membrane-encased organelles (a specialized subunit within a cell). In lamens terms, in prokaryotes, the DNA is not bound or held together inside a nucleus. Prokaryotes also only have a single loop DNA. Last but not least prokaryotes are divided into groups or domains but more about that in a minute.

Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic, which are mostly single-celled incomplex microorganisms. Both Bacteria and Archaea have a variety of prokaryotes classified in multiple kingdoms (Reece, et al., Campbell Biology, 2014). There are a number of scientists who believe that Archaea cells may be the precursor to Eukaryotic cells and that they have more in common with Eukaryotes than Prokaryotes (Madigan, Martinko, & Dunlap, 2009).

“Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. Bacteria” - (AQA 2008)

Now that we understand the properties of life and the composition of cells, we can focus on the architecture or formation in terms of basic anatomy and physiology as our second area of exploration. The two types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) defined before have a few common things such as Plasma membrane (similar to animal cells); Cell wall (similar to plant cells); and Ribosomes, the

One factor that every living thing has in common is that they are all composed of cells, the smallest structural and functional units of all organisms. Approximately two hundred different kinds exist, but the human body contains trillions. In all cells, there is a sheetlike boundary called a membrane that protects thousands of proteins, chromosomal DNA, called genetics, and other chemicals. Among cells are two distinct types with separately organized structures called prokaryotics and eukaryotics A nucleus, which carries genetics and determines the idenitity and function of a cell, exists in eukaryotes, along with many other organelles. Organelles are specially organized formations that allow cells to work properly. On the other hand, prokaryotes

Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells are the smallest form of life of which all forms of life are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Two different of cells exist: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. They are structurally and functionally different, but they share some properties.

One major difference (and one often used to distinguish the two) is the lack of a

Passing the cell membrane we find that, eukaryotes have a complex cytoskeleton. Their cytoskeleton consists of a complex network of elements called microtubules and actin filaments. The cytoskeleton not only anchors the cell, but it also aids in movement. Another aid of movement is cilia. Cilia are shorter than flagella and are more numerous. This movement of the cell helps to propel substances across the surface. This movement mechanism is only found in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have cilia, they only have flagella. Flagella also vary from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have flagella that are made from flagellin, whereas eukaryotes have flagella that are made from microtubules. They are similar in structure, but differ in the proteins that are used to make them. Moving inside the cell we find ribosomes which both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have. They are similar in function, synthesis organelle and ribosomal RNA sequencing, but not in density. Prokaryotes have a 70S ribosome and eukaryotes have a 80s ribosome. Speaking of proteins, eukaryotes have histones. Histones are proteins that help organize the DNA and order it into

Cells can be traced back to the basic structure of life. Cells make up all organisms such as, plants, the human body and fungi. There are different types of cells. The thing that differentiates Eukaryotic cells, which are animal and plant cells from Prokaryotic cells is the membranous organelles that are in the cytoplasm and chromosome proteins. The Eukaryotic cell nucleus contains most of the genetic material and controls all activity. mRNA translation happens in the ribosomes which carries out protein synthesis of the cell, while DNA replication occurs at the nucleus. Ribosomes are critical for protein assembly which is important for cellular functions. Also, there is endoplasmic reticulum, it has 2 type: rough and smooth. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for metabolic processes and lipid synthesis.

Eukaryotes consist of cells that the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes is contained within a distinct nucleus. Additionally, besides the eubacteria and archaea, Eukaryotes include all living organisms, which are not the case with prokaryotes that are microscopic single-celled organisms. Prokaryotes do not have a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria. So a fundamental difference here is that prokaryotes cells do not have organelles, nucleus, but a small amount of DNA in the form of a single, circular chromosome while eukaryotes cells have multiple organelles, a nucleus, as well as sufficient DNA that is organized in multiple, linear chromosomes (Bruck, 2017; OpenStax College, & Rice University, 2013). Another apparent difference in DNA replication between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that while DNA replication process in eukaryotes takes place inside the nucleus, the DNA replication process in prokaryotes occurs inside the cytoplasm.

It is evidently known that the cell is the basic unit of life. Cells are microscopic, membrane-bound units which contain biomolecules allowing them to carry out functions, sustain life and self-replicate. Although every living cell comes under one of the 6 kingdoms in the biological taxonomy of living organisms, the two most distinct types of cells are eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotes (pre-nucleus) are single-celled organisms which do not contain a nucleus nor do they have any membrane-bound organelles within them. Eukaryotes (literally meaning “true nucleus”) were developed many years after prokaryotes and can either be single-celled or multi-cellular organisms.

Prokaryote cells - bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitive life on earth.