DHEO Public Health Survey

In health care, language and literacy barriers adversely affect clinical effectiveness, medical decision making, medication adherence, and patients’ understanding of and access to services; in addition, most people are unwilling to admit to problems with language and literacy (Safeer and Keenan 2005, Katz et al 2006, Amalraj et al 2009, Ngoh 2009, Salazar 2010). Although doctors may avoid using jargon to counter language and literacy barriers, patients with language and literacy difficulties are more likely to be hospitalized (Safeer and Keenan 2005).

Health literacy empowers individuals with knowledge and understanding regarding health information enabling them to make informed decisions about their health care. Health literacy affects people of all ages, race and ethnicity, education levels, income and languages spoken. All individuals deserve the right to have access to accurate, easy to understand, reliable, valid information to make informed decisions about their healthcare. According to Baur (2011), Health literacy is the extent in which individuals acquire, assimilate and comprehend health information and services to make informed health decisions. This has become a public health mission in the Healthy People agenda of 2010 and 2020 (Baur, 2011, p.63).

For this project, as mentioned further above, our testable question was, “How did public health and emissions from the factory system affect the progression and development of social classes and tensions during the Industrial Revolution in Manchester, England during 1830 to 1850?” Although we did touch on some scientific data, we mainly focused on historical information to answer our question through our map. For us, our main source of data was the book that included 200 individual cases of cholera in Manchester in 1832. This source allowed us to seamlessly connect two seemingly disparate fields, science and history.

Therefore, adequate funding for community health assessments will alleviate the health disparities while finding the underlying causes that contributes to communication barriers directly from the DHOH people (Laureate Education, 2012d). In reducing CVD that will intervene to reduce the cost of CVD expenses a public health consulting business name Diversity Health Education Outreach (DHEO), LLC founded by Jolene A. Ogunjirin is of consideration through the use of telehealth public health consulting services to achieve set long-term goals.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, coordinate efforts in conjunction with states and other partnersto offer a system of health surveillance, which would monitor and prevent disease outbreaks, which includes bioterrorism. The goal of the agency is to implement strategies to prevent diseases as well as maintain national health statistics. Another role of the CDC is to safeguard against international disease transmission, this is vital as the agency has personnel located several countries outside the United States. Looking at the agency’s core functions, examining influences in the workplace, and identifying roles of the agency personnel is vital to

The class about health boards was very good topic to know and essential for public health. The boards are dominant model for federal grant funding for primary care in the country for public safety. They have health care professionals willing to provide services to nations uninsured and underserved population.

DHEO's public health message is "R.I.D.E. your way to a successful health" a message for the lifestyle of the heart. The acronym stands for reduce, increase, disseminate, and empower. The goal is to reduce the impact that DHOH has on the healthcare expenditure as the treatment cost in this community exceeds $30 billion each year (CDC, 2015; Zazove & Doukas, 1994). DHEO intend to increase CVD awareness through subsidizing programs that disseminate lifestyle of heart knowledge. Through health education, they will be empowered, as self-confident level increases. Behavioral changes measurement consist of pre and posttest

1. When communicating, messages must be appropriate to the needs of the audience, the subject and the

The strategy of a health communicator is to communicate information which will others to remember, understand, and accept behaviorally changes leading to healthier behaviors (Slater, 1996). Three challenges to a health communicator in defining a target audience for a campaign are as follows:

All patients need support outside the primary care setting to make healthy choices. Literacy can affect many features of patients lives, and those with slight literacy are more likely to have more risk factors for poor health and social and economic well-being. Adults over age 65, some minority groups, and low-income individuals are more likely to have slight health literacy than others. These individuals may face a lot of obstacles to achieving the best health outcomes.

The communication between medical doctors and their DHOH patients is barriers due to miscommunication, and inability to comply with medical recommendation prevents adequate treatment (Barnett et al., 2011), regardless of health insurance access. Health insurance is independent to DHOH receiving preventable care since high illiteracy, low health literacy, are the factors to the preventable issues (Strong & Prinz, 1997; Barnett et al., 2011).

Nature can be perceived as simple, but it is a necessity that people often over look, although, it is an aspect of everyday life. What if one was told nature has the ability to improve personal wellness in several ways? Would they change their habits to increase the amount of exposure they have to nature? Or would they simply overlook that fact as well? People should be required to spend at least an hour a week outside because it is scientifically proven to improve health: physically, psychologically, and behaviorally, increase self esteem, and a decrease in violence and crime. Nature is free and always accessible; everybody should take advantage of it and the positives it can bring instead of suffering from the negatives that can occur without using nature to an advantage.

As mentioned in Heinrich’s article, Health Literacy should be considered as the sixth vital sign as it can significantly affect the patient’s treatment. To approach the topic, I will tell the patient that to prepare them and us, the providers, for their care, we will be giving them a questionnaire, which will tell the healthcare providers the best way to communicate and explain to them their healthcare needs.

The Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHOH) population are neglected sub-minorities and affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This population is often ignorant of medical information about CVD. This issue is due to communication barriers, which limit access to health information (McKee et al., 2011). The inability to participate in health programs available to the general population, and lack English proficiency increase the risk of CVD in the DHOH communities (McKee et al., 2011). Moreover, the social economic status is too rooted in poverty that associates with unemployment and low education placing DHOH individuals at the low end of the social gradient. It costs over $30 billion each year to care and treat the DHOH people in the United

Campaigns and promotions such as posters, weekly newspaper column on heart disease and prevention, local churches with volunteers and coalition groups sponsored on Sundays Healthy Heart Sermons.