DNA Or Deoxyribonucle Chemistry: What Is Cloning?

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule found in the mitochondria that contains genetic material for reproduction. It’s the blueprint of life itself, we’ve known about DNA since 1869 when swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher identified Nuclien (aka DNA). We still don’t know everything yet, scientists found out what the structure of DNA looked in the 1950’s. We’re learning new things about DNA every day, but here is a summary of what we know as of right now.

Structure and function in Biology is a broad concept that can be explored within a diverse range of topics across the subject matter. The following essay will be focussed mainly on the subject of Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or more commonly DNA. DNA is a highly complex, intricate and extraordinary macromolecule found within all living cells. DNA is a "biochemical noun" and can be defined as "...a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information." [Oxford Dictionary, c2016] DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, enclosed within a double membrane. Eukaryotic cells are multifaceted and require a high level of regulation to ensure smooth functioning. The double membrane of the nucleus allows gene expression, a key function of DNA, to be efficiently regulated.

Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep 's and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. ("Cloning Fact Sheet").

DNA is located throughout the body, inside organisms called eukaryotes. Which is found inside a special area of the cell called the nucleus. Organisms have DNA molecules, tightly wound and packaged as a chromosome. DNA is not only located in the nucleus, humans also have a small amount of DNA in cell structure in mitochondria. For each DNA molecule that forms into a chromosome can be seen as a set of shorter DNA sequences. These are the units of DNA function called genes.

Cloning is defined as the “creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism” according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits.

Clones can happen naturally, for example twins. Twins happen when you have two of the same eggs during reproduction that have been fertilized. Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. There are two way cloning

DNA is “the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms,” (NIH, 2016). It’s composed of nucleotides which contain a nitrogen base (A, C, G, and T), phosphate group, and a sugar group. The DNA is found within the nucleus where it\s tightly packed into a chromosome. Its structure is a double helix, that’s wrapped around a nucleosome. This structure forms a string of beads that’re coiled about each other. This new structure is now called a thread. Next, the structure is looped, forming a looped chromatin, which will then condense forming a condense chromatin. Furthermore, the genome is formed, which is the complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism. Finally, when the cell breaks down it releases DNA,

Clones are organisms that are genetic copies of one another. DNA is very identical to one another, cloning will allow scientists to discover what proteins do and what their functions are. With or using recombination scientists can replicate cells. Cloning can happen naturally to plants and animals (single celled). Cloning has some effect, eliminating genes,

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is found in nearly every single one of the 75 trillion cells that made the human body. Chromosomes are made up of protein and DNA molecules. An in-depth look at these threadlike strands reveals what scientist’s calls the double helix. This large, double-stranded molecule resembles a long, spiraling ladder. The sides of this ladder are made up of four building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of a sugar joined to a phosphate and a base. These bases include Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C), “the four letters that make up the DNA alphabet”. Nucleotides pairs up according to strict rules, the A-T and G-C base pairs repeats in various sequences repeatedly, creating the 3 billion

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is found in almost all living things. DNA serves as a code for the creation and maintenance of new cells within an organism. Within humans, it is found in almost every cell. Although most of our DNA is found within the nucleus of our cells as nuclear DNA, a very small amount of our DNA is also found within the mitochondria as mitochondrial DNA. Because mitochondrial DNA is generally not used for solving crimes, for the purpose of this paper it will be disregarded.

DNA means Deoxyribonucleic Acid, it is a self replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms, it is the carrier of genetic information. Inside the DNA there is a nucleus which contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. They are long strings of DNA. Each string of DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder, this is called a Double Helix. ​

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is hereditary material inside the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information. A strand of DNA is called a chromosome and sections of chromosomes

DNA is a hereditary material, or molecule that gives an organism the things it needs in order to live, survive, develop and reproduce. It’s made of of molecules, called nucleotides. Every nucleotide has a sugar group and nitrogen base. The nitrogen base has four different bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. The way these four bases line up determines the DNA’s genetic code. The way the bases in the DNA forms genes, is by telling the cell to make proteins. DNA has to be coiled tightly inside of the cell, because it is so long. Being coiled so tightly creates a wall on the outside of the cell, called a chromosome. A chromosome is a thread like structure of a nucleic acid and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying

DNA is in a cell’s nucleus, in chromosomes. We all have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes unless someone has a genetic mutation.. A genetic mutation is when someone has more, or less DNA than normal. Chromosomes are made of twisted DNA bases. DNA tells the call how to survive, make two new cells, and how to make proteins for the cell.

Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) is the molecule that hold the genetic information of living things. In our body every cell contains about 2 meters of DNA. DNA is copied every time a cell divides. Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) is made up of two polynucleotide strands. Polynucleotide strands twist around each other, forming a shape that looks like a ladder called a double helix. The two polynucleotide strands run antiaparallel to each other with nitrogenous bases this means that the stands run in opposite directions, parallel to one another. The DNA molecule consists of two backbones chains of sugars and phosphate groups. The organic bases held together by hydrogen bonds. Although bases bonded together are termed paired