DNS Research Paper

Cyber security threats change quickly as Internet increases, and also the related dangers are getting to be progressively international. Being covered against cyber security threats requires almost all end users, actually the most complex versions, to know the particular threats in addition to enhance their particular safety measures with a continuing foundation. On April 28, 2014 President Obama has declared that the “cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation” and that “America 's economic prosperity in the 21st century will depend on cyber security.” The internet enables and also helps people in a many ways and a example is collect, store, process huge amounts of data, which includes vulnerable data of small business, transactional and personal. Everything in this world is based on internet now a days.

Network Security - Networks are classified into many types like shared and non-shared, public or private, small area or large area networks and each of them have a number of security threats to deal with. Problems associated with the network level security comprise of DNS attacks, Sniffer attacks, issue of reused IP address, etc. A Domain Name Server (DNS) server performs the translation of a domain name to an IP address. Since the domain names are much easier to remember. Hence, the DNS servers are needed. But there are cases when having called the server by name, the user has been routed to some other evil cloud instead of the one he asked for and hence using IP address is not always feasible. Although using DNS security measures like:

The world is becoming more interconnected with the advent of the Internet and latest networking technology. There is a large amount of personal, commercial, and government information on networking infrastructures worldwide. Network security is becoming of great importance because of intellectual property that can be easily obtained through the internet. There are different internet security protocols like SSL/TLS, secure shell, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), etc. uses to guard information against malicious individuals. IPSec provides

DNS is critical in the footprinting of a target network. It can sometimes save the attacker a lot of time, or at least corroborate other information that has been gathered. DNS is also a target for several types of attack.

DNS works in that when you type www.csuci.edu into your web browser, it will search for an address that matches the name. Your browser will first check the local host to see if the IP address for www.csuci.edu is cache. If the IP address for www.csuci.edu is not cache, your browser will then send a query over the internet to find an IP for www.csuci.edu. It will first interact with the resolving name server or resolver for short. The resolver is most commonly your internet service provider resolver. It will ask the resolver what IP address www.csuci.edu can be found at. The resolver will search it cache for the IP address associated with www.csuci.edu. If it cannot find the answer, it will then pass it

Usually, network security issues are of major concern for all businesses that want to keep the affirmation they are usually dealing with under strict confidentiality. These issues are not very recent, ever since information was transferred among senders and recipients, data transition has been prone to, so as to speak, attacks in order to undermine the protection and to reach out relevant or useful pieces of information. In essence, these attacks are the results of tough competition. Even though network security issues are these days associated with computerized solutions, as a matter of fact,

Security in the age of internet has become a tremendously important issue to provide comfort not only for paranoid people but for many others who are naïve to believe that protection in digital era is essential to communication between millions of people that increasingly used as a tool for commerce.

The Internet is a global public network and it is the Universal source of information. It has become a popular medium for commercial activities. Millions of dollars of transactions occur daily in many financial organizations through Internet. The internet along with digital technologies has taken human life into much higher levels of sophistication and ease. The growth of Internet has brought about great benefits to the modern society; meanwhile, the rapidly increasing connectivity and accessibility to the Internet has posed a security threat. With the tremendous growth of network-based services and sensitive information on networks, network security is getting more and more import than ever. The attacks on the Internet have become both more prolific and easier to implement because of the ubiquity of the Internet and the pervasiveness of easy-to-use operating systems and development environments.

The first and most important fact is the acknowledgment that DNS was not designed or implemented with a security centric focus (Yang, Osterweil, Massey, Lu, & Zhang, n.d. p. 2). As a result of the lack of security focus during DNS development, DNS was not design for cryptographic scalability, heterogeneity, deployment, operation, and monitoring (Yang, Osterweil, Massey, Lu, & Zhang, n.d. pp. 13 & 14). Retrofitting DNS with security extensions (DNSSEC) has been a difficult, complicated, and difficult to deploy (Yang, Osterweil, Massey, Lu, & Zhang, n.d. p. 3).

This paper was prepared for Network and Security Systems, CISK 445, taught by Dr. Marco A. Villarreal

Abstract— A critical Review of the Domain Name system, the primary naming service currently in use on the internet, covering the impetus for, and process of its development; how it operates including communication paradigms, failure models and fault tolerance, and masking; and how its security requirements are met.

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the most broadly utilized protocol as a part of web communications because of its consistent communication technology . such a variety of individuals are relying upon the protocol, because of the security examinations the IP got numerous patches and modification as it has been sent comprehensively.

The domain naming server plays a vital role in the internet as it is needed and is involved in every internet application. DNS now works well and it is also sometimes mentioned that any new changes added to the present DNS may contribute to interruption to its functionality and can also contribute towards additional complexity which is undesirable. Current networks and the future networks relay essentially on DNS and it is important that the DNS should be a secured one. The DNS can be easily attacked and such an attack can cause dire consequences so it specifies the importance to use a secured version of DNS to avoid such consequences. To employ such a version involves more cost.

The Top Level domain name servers direct the query specific namerservers. There are Authoritative servers have the information in DNS records.

A DNS lookup, in a general sense, is the process in which a DNS record