DVT In Juveniles Research Paper

A DVT is a thrombus or blood clot that most commonly occurs in deep veins in the leg or pelvis. DVTs usually start distally in the veins of

If the Doppler US is positive, the patient would be referred to a hematologist and/or a vascular surgeon for treatment with anti-coagulation therapy. The surgeon would determine if any intervention is necessary for a thrombectomy. The patient would be advised to begin wearing below the knee elastic compression stockings to help with circulation and to decrease the chance of venous ischemia. The anticoagulation therapy will continue for 3-12 months.

Anti-embolic stockings work by exerting graded circumferential pressure from distal to proximal regions of the leg conforming to a Sigel pressure profile. These increase blood velocity, promote venous return, and have shown to be effective (Barker, 2011). Intermittent pneumatic compression periodically compresses the calf and thigh muscles, mimicking the muscle pump created by walking, promoting fibrinolysis, and have shown to also be effective (Barker, 2011). Foot impulse devices increase venous outflow and reduce stasis in immobilized patients. They also mimic walking by compressing the plantar venous plexus, and they are effective after orthopedic surgery in reducing asymptomatic DVT (Baker, 2011). Mechanical methods will most likely be used in patients at high risk for bleeding. Physiotherapy and nursing has also been a method used by staff in increasing the prevention of VTE. Risks can potentially be mediated by mechanical calf and foot venous compression, bed exercise, active or passive, and early mobilization, and by hydration (Barker,

Clots that develop in the lower extremities are deep vein thrombosis (DVT), if the clot breaks off and journeys to an individual’s lungs, it is then classified as a pulmonary embolism (PE). If no treatment is received DVT can progress to adjacent veins. Venous thromboembolism is a term that incorporates PE and DVT. (Reyes, Grosse, & Grant, 2015)

While taking regular physical assessment the therapist should be aware of the signs of DVT or PE that include redness, warmth, or swelling. Additionally, DVT can be predicted from a few laboratory tests such as International normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time, and hemoglobin level. These laboratory tests indicate blood clotting. Homan's sign is one of the tests to rule out DVT but it is not reliable because of the low sensitivity and specificity, and the therapist should not be relied on it (Goodman & Snyder, 2013). Doppler ultrasound is the most common noninvasive and painless test for DVT. In the hospital where I was working, the treatment protocol to prevent DVT included assisted walking and leg exercises as soon as possible after surgery. Leg exercises included static quads and ankle, knee, and hip joint movements, not just to strengthen the lower extremity muscles but also to improve blood circulation in the deep veins and avoid blood clotting. Continuous passive movement

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of cardiovascular disease. DVT is a blood clot that forms in the large deep veins in the leg or pelvis area and grows toward the heart. Including the veins in the calf and thighs, the femoral, popliteal, and iliofemoral vein are also the sites of DVT development. It is a mainly common and dangerous condition (Kesieme et al., 2011). Some DVTs may cause no pain or swelling, whereas others might be quite painful and result in a lot of swelling. Mortality is not high with prompt diagnoses and treatment for most DVTs. However some can be a threat to your life, especially the ones that develop in the deep veins as compared to the clots that develop in the visible superficial veins. Clot which forms in the deep veins is more likely to break free and travel through the veins, which is then called an embolus. When an embolus travels from the legs or pelvis area and lodges into the lung artery, the condition is known as a pulmonary embolism or PE. This is a potentially fatal condition if it is not treated immediately and can lead to death. As high as 50% of the time a DVT can progress to pulmonary embolism. Collectively, DVT and PE are known as venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVT and PE are highly preventable (Kesieme et al., 2011).

CVI is “inadequate venous return over a long period” (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 586). The veins have valve that help with the flow of blood back to the heart. When these valves become damaged, the blood begins to back up and remain in the vein. When the vein walls become weakened, this can lead to sluggish venous return. The formation of deoxygenated blood will remain in the venous system without becoming useful to the body. This leads to “venous hypertension, circulatory stasis, and tissue hypoxia” (Huether &

Patients suffering from deep vein thrombosis often go for IVC filters implantation. These filters do not allow blood clot to break off in the vein, and enter into the lungs as it can lead to complications like chronic leg swelling, increased pressure, increased pigmentation, and discoloration of the skin.

This section includes information about the causes of adolescent sport injuries with respect to properly plan for care post-trauma sport injuries that occur while playing a sport or exercising, playing in a backyard, or as a result of an accident. There are 25-30 million adolescents who participate in a school sport, and there are 29 million adolescents who are members in sports clubs (Habelt, Hasler, Steinbruck, & Majewski, 2011). Forty percent of adolescent injuries occur from playing a sport (Cleveland Clinic, n.d). Due to the increase in participants, there is also a noticeable increase in the number of acute and overuse injures (Miller, n.d). Adolescents are in a rapid growth stage characterized by increases in strength, while challenged

Venous disease is called venous insufficiency. It is a condition in which there is inadequate blood flow back to the heart through the veins in the legs. This causes a buildup of blood that pools in the veins causing them to twist and bulge. It may cause several venous disorders, but the most common are varicose veins and blood clots. Our specialist will prescribe a treatment according to the cause and severity of the condition.

If an aggressive treatment is needed, it may require thrombolytic medicines, which help to dissolve the blood clot rapidly. There are benefits from taking thrombolytic medicine but on the down side it can increase the risk of severe bleeding. Another form of treatment is to have an embolectomy performed through surgery or minimally invasive procedure. "Having a vena cava filter inserted into the large central vein of the body" (WebMD, 2014) has also resulted in being very beneficial to patients. The filter helps prevent blood clots from reaching the lungs and normally used as a resource for patients who cannot take any

In addition to prompt treatment, we can all take measures to prevent blood clots in our legs, first of all, by determining whether we have any family history of clotting issues. If we sit a lot, we should move around every hour or so, particularly if we are traveling. If moving around is restricted, we can rotate our ankles or try pressing our feet against something or by rising up and down on our toes. We should not sit with our legs crossed for extended periods of time. In addition to movement, we should stay hydrated. Water is the best liquid for preventing dehydration which can contribute to the development of blood clots. Avoiding alcohol is a good idea. If you have a personal or family history of blood clots, wearing compression stockings is also recommended as they help to promote

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein that is deep inside the body. It is mainly associated with veins in the legs, usually in the lower leg and thigh, but may occur in other parts of the body. About half of the people who have DVT show no symptoms, but people who sit for long periods, are over 60 and smoke are at higher risk, and should be aware of possible signs of a problem.

Trauma: jumping or running activities are associated with knee and ankle injuries; in children 10 to 20 % of knee symptoms results form hip joint problems (Dains, et. al., 2016). Fractures may also be caused by trauma. Fractures may present with diffuse swelling, tenderness, and pain with weight bearing; in a displaced fracture, deformity may be present (Dains, et. al., 2016). Furthermore, child abuse should be ruled out in a pediatric patient. It is estimated that more than 1.5 million of children in the U.S. suffer from abuse (Carroll & Kerr, 2014). A history of fractures, multiple bruises or injuries in different stages of healing may suggest child abuse (Dains, et. al., 2016). Accurate assessment, proper referrals to protective child agencies are mandatory to protect the child well being (Carroll & Kerr,

Thrombosis of an iliofemoral vein accounts for 25% of all lower extremity DVTs and is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), limb malperfusion, and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). In addition to an anatomic predisposition to venous stasis, the majority of patients with iliofemoral DVT have at least one additional risk factor for venous thrombosis. Endothelial injury and hypercoagulability, along with stasis, comprise Virchow's triad of thrombogenesis. Common examples include the postoperative state, prolonged immobility (e.g., travel, hospitalization), malignancy, pregnancy, and inherited hypercoagulable conditions.