Dahlgren And Whitehead's Model Of Determinants Of Health

Broader than habits and lifestyles, men’s health are influenced by economic and social conditions that individuals experience or known as social determinants of health (SDOH). Men’s health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are caused by limited or no income and resources, and adverse early life experiences and living conditions across lifespan. How these SDOH lead for someone to have heart diseases and diabetes are explained through the following models.

Determinants of health are a range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that influence health. (Oxford dictionary).

At the centre of the health determinants model, occupying the core, are personal characteristics of age, sex and hereditary factors, portraying how health effects accumulate throughout an individual’s life. This category has the greatest impact on an individual’s health, yet policies, practices and public health improvement strategies are seen to be beyond the reach and influence of these factors.

Social determinants of health are the general socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions in which people are born, grow,

Homelessness is a major issue in Edinburgh (Torrie, 2014). Progress has been made (Gordon, 2015), but we can do far better. It is possible to completely end chronic homelessness. How? The answer is surprisingly straightforward: put housing first. But homelessness will not end as long as our goal is merely to manage homelessness, rather than eradicate it. This brief will explore approaches to ending homelessness, and their successes and potential drawbacks. It will be concluded based in the following research that Housing first has proven to be the most effective approach, as it is the only one that has successfully ended chronic homeless in a whole town. In addition, there is a strong economic argument to be made for this method due to the immense amount of money and council, law enforcement and social service resources spared as a result of everyone having a roof. The implications of these findings will then be discussed, and proposed courses of action put forward to end homelessness in Edinburgh.

Housing connects people to their land and culture. Housing quality, affordability, accessibility, or overcrowded living conditions seriously affect people’s life (Reading and Halseth, 2013; Monk, 2013). Inability to access to decent accommodation may lead to homelessness, which has a direct negative impact on health. Overcrowding may result in increased risk of various diseases, such as cancers through second-hand smoke, tuberculosis, and respiratory diseases as a result of exposure to other ill family members in close confines (Office of the Auditor General of Canada, 2003; CMHC, 2005; Reading and Halseth, 2013). National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO) estimated 44 percent of on-reserve homes consist of mold, the reason for the high

Over the past many years, several health models have been developed to show the mechanisms by which Social Determinants of Health (SDH) affect health outcomes, to make explicit the linkages among different types of health

Based on our community health assessment observational data, adverse health outcomes can be positively associated to poor housing conditions. Research

Good health or poor health is influenced by a set of interrelated factors and requires a multipronged response.

Affordable housing and housing affordability have become the dominant and debated issues in the housing policy arena all over the world for the last two decades and the term ‘housing needs’ has been replaced by ‘housing affordability’ and has occupied the center of the debate on the provision of adequate housing for all (Quigley, 2004; Swartz and Miller, 2002; Whitehead, 1991).

In today’s modern society there are many factors that can affect an individual’s health outcomes. Some of these factors are modifiable which means that they are able to be changed, other factors are non-modifiable which means that they are unable to be changed. The modifiable factors that impact health are wide and far-ranging and include smoking, nutrition, and public health initiatives such as vaccines. The examples of non-modifiable factors are limited to a slightly narrower field but are still as complex and varied as modifiable factors. Non-modifiable factors include age, sex, disability, and hereditary illnesses. This essay will focus on these specific examples of modifiable and non-modifiable factors.

Determinants of health fall under several broad categories, such as, policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behavior, biology and genetics. Also include health sectors like education, housing, transportation, agriculture and environment that can be important allies in population health. Different social, economic and cultural factors determine a person’s health, meaning that people living in the same community or of the same age, can have different chances of good health.

Safe housing can be related with the individual and societal well-being. It also strengthens the community capacity by enabling individuals and families to accomplish the possible level of independence and incorporated in the community (HOMEWorks, 2009).

Shelter is a fundamental need for good health (WHO, 1986). Lack of access to warm, dry and affordable housing for many New Zealanders is an increasing concern (Baker, McDonald, Zhang, & Howden-Chapman, 2013). This essay focuses on household crowding (HHC) as a specific determinant of health in New Zealand, looking at the population groups most affected by overcrowding and the relationship between HHC, individual behaviour and ill health. The negative effects of crowding on health are evident. Increasing access to affordable quality housing therefore is paramount in reducing such issue.

Healthy homes bill will “ensure that every rental home in New Zealand meets minimum standards of heating and insulation”.