Hypothalamus Essay

The hypothalamus controls several main bodily functions including: “hunger, thirst, sexual motivation, body temperature and a variety of other emotions” (pg. 100). A prime example of how the hypothalamus would be active during my night with my friends would be eating pizza. The hypothalamus would trigger me to know I was hungry and tell me that I was enjoying the pizza. It would also play a major role in any emotions my friends or I experience throughout the night, like if I had a friend experiencing a break up, making her feel distraught or sad.

The hypothalamus produces hormones that travel in blood vessels to the anterior pituitary, stimulating it to produce other hormones.

The hypothalamic nucleus, by releasing specific neuro- transmitter peptides, controls the activities of the secretory cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body. Hormones released or secreted by cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei are transported, in the form of granules, to the posterior lobe of the pituitary; from there they are absorbed into the blood stream (Engel, 1997).Under conditions of disease, the neurotransmitter peptides may be quantitatively increased, decreased, or in some way made defective; the neurons that synthesize these peptides or their glandular targets may fail to function or become over active(Ropper, 2002). The nuclei of the hypothalamus are conventionally divided into three paired groups: the anterior group, including the preoptic, supraoptic, and paraventriular nuclei, which are mainly neurohypophysical in their relationships; the middle group, including the tuberal, arcuate, ventrolatural, and dorsal nuclei; and the posterior group including the mammillary and posterior nuclei (Ropper, 2002).The Hypothalamus or hypopysis is divided into two lobes: the anterior, or adenohypophysis, which is derived from the buccal endoderm(Rathke’s pouch),and; the posterior, or neurohypophysis, which forms a diverticulum from the base of the hypothalamus (Bostrom,2003).

The amygdala is responsible for our emotional memories. Damage to the amygdala could impact us negatively causing us to misinterpret our memories and our emotions related to those memories. What should cause fear and anger could be diminished to a point that could cost you significantly if the amygdala is damaged. For example, if you don’t remember a negative emotion with a certain action in a memory of the past that has impacted you negatively, you might continue to make the same mistakes over and over again. By taking the same actions without causing you any fear and anxiety of loss or damage could cause you major negative effects in your

The limbic system contains many unique structures, the hypothalamus being the primary output structure, because it is connected to the frontal lobes, septal nuclei and the brain stem. The hypothalamus is located at the optic chiasm, and connects the limbic system and the autonomic nervous system. Many different biological inputs influence the endocrine functions of the hypothalamus. The body and changes in the body act as an input system for the hypothalamus. Temperature, osmolality, glucose, and sodium concentrations act as internal sensors that signal the function of the hypothalamus. Inputs are received through the fornix and the amygdala pathways which are also important in facilitating hypothalamus function. The hypothalamus is necessary in mediating

The nervous system and the endocrine system connect- the endocrine system hormones provide feedback to the brain to affect neural processing enabling the nervous system to work. The endocrine system also enables the hypothalamus which is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions to control the pituitary gland and other endocrine glands in order to interact with the nervous system; therefore it is vital the interrelationship between the nervous and endocrine systems in order for the nervous system to carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body and for the endocrine system to function well by the made up of glands to produce and secrete hormones, chemical

First, our nerves respond by detemining a situation and deciding if it is stressful. This decision is made based on sensory input. By processing the things we see and hear and in stored memories. Also, what happened the last time we were in a similar situation. If the situation is judged as being stressful, the hypothalamus is activated. The hypothalamus in the brain is in charge of the stress response. When a stress response is triggered, it sends signals to two other structures: the pituitary gland, and the adrenal medulla. These short term responses are produced by The Fight or Flight Response via the Sympathomedullary Pathway.(SAM) Long term stress is regulated by the Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) system. This is what happens: The

The Reproductive, Endocrine, and Nervous System all play a part in keeping our bodies functioning properly. The Endocrine system has a system of glands that secrets hormones throughout our body immediately into the blood stream. Most of these hormones are there for specific organs within each part of our body. The system also is vital to maintaining homeostasis. The Endocrine system secrets hormones such as estrogen and testosterone; these hormones are responsible for the sexual characteristics of males and females and help regulates sperm production for males and the menstrual cycle for females. These play an enormous role in the Reproductive system. The Endocrine also secrets helps the nervous system. The Hypothalamus is responsible for the

The hypothalamus secretes chemicals called releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of a specific anterior pituitary hormone by the adenohypophysis. Through negative feedback, the hypothalamus adjusts the secretions of the anterior

The human body's nervous system is a quite complex yet very intriguing structure. It is made up of the brain and spinal cord, as well as nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs. A neuroscientist's job is to research the ins and outs of how this phenomenal system works and behaves. Neuroscientist's usually specialize in one part of the nervous system, such as neurotransmitters, or focus their research on specific behaviors, such as psychiatric disorders.

The function of the Pituitary gland is to produce critical hormones that are chemical substances that condor various bodily functions. It is situated at the base of the mind underneath the hypothalamus, with a pea-sized structure. The hypothalamus is the main center for control of the internal environment. It lies deep inside the forebrain and connects, structurally, and functionally with the pituitary gland. It also signals the pituitary by way of neurosecretory neurons, specialized neurons that release hormones into the blood. Some portion of the endocrine framework. It is joined to by means of nerve strands. The pituitary is divided into three segments.

The Pituitary is crucial as it regulates the function of many endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. Additionally, it regulates homeostasis and promotes the release of many essential hormones.

Pituitary control thyroid hormone level, thyroid hormone is a pea-sized gland in the brain. Pituitary and hypothalamus communicate to maintain T3 and T4 balance. Pituitary makes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), releasing more TSH when T3 and T4 levels are low by contrast pituitary release less if T3 and T4 levels are high.

During states of stress, the endocrine responses in two parallel paths. One path, termed the adrenocortical response, is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system; and the other is the adrenomedullary response which is controlled by the hypothalamus - the part of the brain that triggers the release of different stress hormones - and pituitary gland (Lovallo, 2015; Sarafino & Smith, 2011). In the adrenocortical response, the hypothalamus sends a message to the sympathetic nerves that is mediated by the brain stem, this in turn activates the adrenal medulla which secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) that prepares the body for a fight or flight response (Lovallo, 2015).

Jason’s loss of sensation proposes that the dorsal columns tract and the spinothalamic tracts were damaged bilaterally around the C5 portion. The dorsal columns are responsible for transmitting information to the brain regarding is a sensory path of the central nervous system that transports localized sensations of fine touch, two-point discrimination, vibration, and proprioception from the joints and skin. The spinothalamic tracts generally convey information to the brain regarding pain, temperature, and coarse touch on the skin.