Dandy-Walker Syndrome

○ Confirmation of diagnosis is made by radiographic examination of the skull (i.e., MRI of the head)

Wobbler syndrome is a disease of dogs that affects their spine in the neck region and is a very important and common cause of neurologic disability in large breed dogs. Wobblers disease is classified under a degenerative or idiopathic disease. Wobbler syndrome or wobblers is the most common name used but Veterinary literature has used multiple different names to describe this condition, this is in part due to the confusion regarding the mechanisms causing it. The name most commonly used in veterinary articles is cervical spondylomyelopathy (which means a disease of the neck vertebrae affecting the spinal cord). Other common names are CVI – cervical vertebral instability, CVM – cervical vertebral malformation, CVMM – cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation,

Spastic cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that unfolds in the developing brain - either right before birth or shortly after, typically before the child turns one year of age. Head injuries that occur several weeks after birth may also cause spastic cerebral palsy. Spastic cerebral palsy makes up roughly eighty percent of all cerebral palsy cases, since there are other types; spastic is considered to be the most common. Spastic cerebral palsy causes neuromuscular mobility impairment meaning that there is a lack in connection between the nerves and muscles.

Duane’s Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. A Genetic disorder is usually a irregularity in the genes or in the chromosome, these irregularities can be anything from not fully developed, not being there at all, or even having an extra unneeded set. These When someone thinks of a genetic disorder they may think of the very well known disorder of Down's Syndrome, but what people may not know about is the rare disorder called Duane’s syndrome. This syndrome is eye movement limitation syndrome that is usually involved with restricting the eye(s) from moving to the left or right. Moving the eye towards the nose could result in the eye restricting, and/or the eye shooting up or down (Duane syndrome). The simple reason that it is a lesser known

It is caused from a deficiency of certain chemical messengers in the brain. It is found through genetics

Chiari Malformation (aka Arnold-Chiari Malformation) is the condition when brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. This occurs when part of the skull is unusually small or misshaped which later causes pressure on the brain and forcing it downwards. There are 3 types of Chiari malformations. Type I develops as the skull and brain are growing, type II and type III are congenital.

Cerebral Palsy can be described as a condition where life long problems affect movements and postural development due to lesions in an immature brain. These lesions are non-progressive, meaning that they will not get any worse. 3(p1-2) Physical and Neurological exams are required in order to diagnose this condition. A doctor will use a CT scan, MRI, or an ultrasound machine to verify brain damage. Many children diagnosed can also have sensory disabilities, cognitive disorders, convulsions, and communication and behavioral disorders. Spastic Diplegia gets its name because the children diagnosed have increased muscle tone that leads to spasticity. Spasticity can be defined as stiff or tight muscles and amplified reflexes. The exact cause of Spastic Diplegia still remains unknown. Besides damage to the part of the brain that controls movement, there are other possible reasons for a child to develop Spastic Diplegia. These reasons can vary from genetic abnormalities, congenital brain deformities, or if the mother has an infection or high fever while pregnant.

Hello, Im Dr. Flores. I'm sorry but we believe that your child may be at risk to having Tay-Sachs Disease also known as GM2 gangliosidosis. She does not roll over like most babies, a little weak, and exaggerated responses to sudden noises, and both of you are of eastern and central European Jewish heritage which puts you at a higher risk to having Tay-Sachs. We’re gonna run a few test to confirm if your daughter has it…We’ve received the results back from the lab and i'm sorry to say but you're daughter has Tay-Sachs disease, Some of our test consisted of testing responses to sudden noises and checking for red spots at the back of the eyes. Which your child presented with as you can see in this image.Also blood tests to check if the body is producing the Hexosaminidase-A enzyme or Hex-A for short.

Kiara is a 20 year old woman who currently lives with her Grandparents in South Hadley Massachusetts. She has a primary disability of Dandy-Walker malformation and secondary to the Dandy-Walker Malformation she experiences problems related to hydrocephalus. To address the associated problems with hydrocephalus, Karia has undergone numerous operation to place a shunt which was implanted within the skull area to alleviate the build up of pressure. As a consequence of the shunt Karia experiences, reading difficulties, processing delays and her fine motor dexterity.

According to the site Chiari Malformation, “Chiari Malformation is a structured defect in the brain and spinal cord. This happens sometimes during fetal development and is called congenital Chiari Malformation”(Chiari Malformation). Some Chiari can occur later in life when excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid is drained away due to injury infection and exposure to toxic substances(Chiari Malformation). This is called secondary Chiari Malformation(Tamiz 1). He also said “Chiari is caused by poor diet. The indented bony space at the back of the skull is abnormally small. As results this will build up pressure on the

Imagine your psychosis was deteriorated so severely that you were harming yourself and needed treatment but denied due to your mental status. “J.S., a twenty-four-year-old male schizophrenic, has been taking antipsychotic medication regularly since the age of fourteen,” as stated in Cases in Bioethics from The Hastings Center Report by Carol Levine and Robert Vasch. “Four years ago he was admitted to private mental hospital where he was treated with moderately high doses of Prolixin, a powerful neuroleptic.” J.S started to experience symptoms and was diagnosed with tardive dyskinesia. Dr. James Robert Brasic who wrote on Medscape’s article on tardive dyskinesia, “Tardive dyskinesias (TDs) are involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face,

criteria are not met. The role of dynamic posturography in the diagnosis of patients with unidentified

The Arnold-Chiari malformation refers to the second type of malformations associated with the Chiari group, where the irregular formation of the brainstem and cerebellum sees them

Some are more pronounced than others depending on the type of malformation. However, the most common symptoms are posterior headache on exertion with neck pain, hoarseness or swallowing problems, sleep apnea, weakness or numbness in an extremity, and balance problems. A Chiari malformation can be difficult to diagnose because of the multitude or signs and symptoms that are associated with it and other diseases as well. For instance, the symptom that is associated with pain/ spinal problems can include neck pain, pain across the shoulder blades, chest pain, and curvature of the spine. Each of those symptoms are associated with other disorders as to include; muscle issues, heart attack, and scoliosis (“Chiari I”,

Joubert Syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic disorder which involves mutations in both the mother’s and father’s genes. Both parents must be carriers of this gene in order to pass it on to their children and there is a twenty five percent chance that their child will be born with Joubert Syndrome (Welcome | Joubert Syndrome & Related Disorders Foundation, 2015). Characteristics of this very rare syndrome include decreased muscle tone. Children with this disorder often have difficulty learning how to walk and some are required to use walkers or wheelchairs. The use of a walker or wheelchair may only be temporary depending on the severity of the disorder. Having