Dangerous Blood Vessels Research Paper

Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death in the US, with one person dying every 4 minutes as a result. For African Americans, stoke is the 3rd leading cause of death.(http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm) It is estimated that About 795,000 people have a stroke each year; about one every 40 seconds - there are many medical conditions that can cause a stroke and it is estimated that 8 out of 10 strokes can be prevented. However, there are some things that cannot be controlled when you are predisposed to

A doctor may also suggest treatment later in a person’s life, if the disease worsens. If a cardiologist suggests medical treatment, two options include: Mitral Valve Repair or Mitral Valve Replacement. “If the patient chooses to have Mitral Valve Replacement, he or she should find a surgeon who satisfies three criteria; the surgeon should have a 90 percent or greater rate of successful repair, should have an extremely low rate of death from surgery (less than 1 percent) and should be proficient in operating with less invasive approaches, if your surgeon cannot provide these sorts of numbers, you need to move to another” (Gillinov 326). By reconnecting valve leaflets a surgeon can perform Mitral Valve Repair (mayoclinic.org). A surgeon can also remove excess tissue from the valve for a repair (mayoclinic.org). “The traditional approach to most aortic valve problems is to open the chest, remove the old valve, and sew in a new one” (Gillinov

Ischemic strokes are the most common form of stroke, with around 85% of strokes being of this type. They are caused by the arteries that connect to the brain becoming blocked or narrowed, resulting in ischemia - severely reduced blood flow.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

This is the most common treatment. In this procedure, a catheter is placed in the heart. The catheter is placed through the valve. Then a tiny balloon on the end of the catheter is blown up to open the valve.

Heart valves are tissue paper thin membranes attached to the heart wall that constantly open and close to regulate blood flow. The heart has 4 valves: Mitral and tricuspid valve, which control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles and aortic and pulmonary valve, which control blood flow out of the ventricles. A normal, healthy heart valve minimizes any obstruction and allows blood to flow smoothly and freely in one direction. It closes completely and quickly, not allowing any blood to flow back through the valve. (Rongrong et al, 2016).

All races, ethnicity, and sex are susceptible to strokes. African Americans are at greater risk for stroke. Women are more likely to have a stroke compared to men (WebMd,

Along with taking medications and getting surgery you will also need to be ready to adjust to a new lifestyle. Having Coronary Artery Disease means you will now need to be cautious of the foods you eat, you must maintain a heart healthy diet, you have to manage your stress, and you must exercise often.

There are numerous health disparities and issues worldwide affecting all different people in the United States. Some of these issues tend to affect our population. Many people lack the knowledge of how heart disease is developed. Heart Disease is the leading cause of deaths. Over 600,000 Americans die from heart disease each year. Anyone can develop heart disease, regardless of a person’s age, gender, and ethnical background. In some cases, people are born with heart disease.

Often times, strokes can be prevented, but when impossible to avoid, treatments begin. Intravenous injection of tissue plasminogen activator(TPA) is a clot-busting drug used when blood vessels are clogged. Stereotactic radiosurgery repairs vascular malformations. Rehabilitation is often a choice of treatment. Rehabilitation includes: speech, physical, and occupational. No one wants to be incapable of accomplishing everyday activities. Medications can also help with pain. These are just some of the few treatments used on stroke

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2015), heart disease is the primary cause of death in both men and women in the United States. The CDC (2015) reported about 610,000 Americans die from heart disease each year.

A stroke can be generally be defined in two types of categories. The first and most common type of stroke is called ischemic stroke. This occurs when a blood clot (cerebral thrombosis) blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Blood flow beyond the blood clot is then

In addition, as mentioned before the American Heart Association states four types of cardiovascular diseases. Heart valve problems, arrhythmia, heart attacks and strokes are all affiliated with this deadly disease. If an individual is suffering with a heart valve problem, medication and heart valve surgery is provided. Arrhythmia is treated with medications, receiving a pacemaker and cardiac defibrillation. Heart attacks are treated also with medications, angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery to improve blood supply entering the heart muscle. Lastly, medication is provided to treat strokes. Another treatment available for strokes are undergoing a carotid endarterectomy

Depending on what signs or symptoms one is having, will depend on how the individual is diagnosed. Stress tests, radionuclide imaging, echocardiography, and many other ways can be used to check for CAD. Once CAD is diagnosed, treatment can begin. The treatments used for CAD can be medications, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or a stent all depending on the severity.

Research shows that the main cause of death in the United States has been found to be cardiovascular disease. The leading type of cardiovascular disease is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and it accounts for the majority of these deaths. Coronary Artery disease is a type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is often referred to as “hardening of the arteries.” (Lewis, 2011) Individuals with CAD have genetic predisposition. Familial hypercholesterolemia, meaning high cholesterol in the blood, has been linked with CAD at early ages. In majority of cases of hypercholesterolemia, clients who have angina or myocardial infarction (MI) can name a parent or sibling who has died from CAD. Individuals who have incidence of coronary artery disease are often more likely to fit the demographic of middle aged, Caucasian males. Coronary Artery disease is also present among African American, Hispanic, and Native American ethnicities. African Americans have earlier onset and African American females have a higher death rate and incidence than Caucasian women. Native Americans over the age of 35 years have mortality rates twice as high as any other American because of the modifiable risk factors that include tobacco use, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Gender, a non-modifiable risk factor also plays a role on the individual with coronary artery disease. Men start to exhibit signs and symptoms of CAD 10 years earlier