Daphni The Human Circulatory And Nervous System

After the Daphnia was given time to calm down, the team took a reading of its heart rate at room temperature (27 degrees C). The reading was taken by counting the heart beats for ten seconds and then multiplying by six to yield beats per minute. Next, a glass Petri dish was filled with ice water at five degrees Celsius. The cold water Petri dish was placed on the stage of the microscope, and the Daphnia was placed on top of the dish. When the Daphnia had been given a minute to acclimate to the changes, another heart rate reading was taken. Then the same procedure using the Petri dish to changed environmental conditions was used with cold tap water (23 degrees), warm tap water (30 degrees), and hot tap water (45 degrees). A heart rate reading was taken for each temperature.

Daphnia, also known as water fleas, are small crustaceans about 1mm-5mm long and are part of the freshwater zooplankton (Ebert 2005, Hutchinson 2005 & Clifford 1991). Daphnia can be found in most fresh water habitats such as freshwater springs, ponds and reservoirs and are the predominant food for planktivorous fish. Dapnia are ‘filter feeders’ meaning they feed on small particles suspended in the water which can include algae. It has been found that daphnia tend to migrate to the upper parts of the water at night and return to the lower parts of the water in the day to hide from predators (Ebert 2005) (Hutchinson 2005). Daphnia can reproduce through sexual reproduction and also asexual

1. Recall that Jim's heart and respiratory rate are increased, he was sweating and that his mouth was dry before the raise began. Explain what is happening to his autonomic nervous system (including which division is the most active) and specify exactly how those ANS responses are creating the symptoms noted. What changes do you think are occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points)

To begin, the experimental use of animals in medical studies is unethical. These creatures are confined in isolated cages where they are deprived of necessary environmental elements. It is not uncommon that they undergo ghastly methods of experimentation; including the inhalation of toxic fumes, the burning of their skin, and the crushing of their spinal cords ("People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals"). This information sheds light on the grim realities of animal experimentation. These creatures are living, breathing beings that do not deserve to be treated as they are nothing more than lab objects. Not only are they ripped from their natural habitats, but are forced to endure an irreversible psychological trauma . To put it in perspective, imagine a six-month-old child being taken from their parents and sent to a lab to undergo scientific experiments that could ultimately result in

Week three the daphnia are tested under different concentrations of an herb to see if the herb causes any types of stress on the variable. All of the same methods are done as in week one and two except in preparing the herbal solutions. To prepare the herbal solution the herb needs to be grinded mixed with methanol and left to sit for a few minutes so it can react and separate the important contents of the herb out. In large clear wells the mixture is measured in microliters of 500, 50 and 5, we also measure out 500 of methanol and all of these are left to dry out. Then 5ml of water is added to 5 wells the four

Ever since the late 1960’s and the early 1970’s, animal research has been under extreme fire for what they do. This is mainly due to the many changing perspectives on the relationship between humans and the other aspects of the world that are surrounding them. There are many main reasons for this change, but the main reason is the different ideas that surrounded the use and exploration of animals in laboratories is what is being brought into question.

Common testing conducted by researchers uses many features of Daphnia. The transparency of Daphnia and the visibility of their hearts is the basis for the majority of experiments conducted on Daphnia. (Villegas-Navarro, Roses-L & Reyes, 2003). Many other researchers have conducted experiments on Daphnia while also paying attention to the cardiovascular region of Daphnia (Campbell & Matthews, 2004). Researchers have

Remember to use an efficient counting method and count the Daphnia’s heart rate for 15 seconds, multiply all your trials by four to get the beats per minute. Do no less than five trials to be accurate. Keep in mind that you need to test the Daphnia’s heart rate in its regular habitat before performing the

Studies of Daphnia presented information which elluded to the idea that Daphnia would react to environmental pollutants within a relatively short timeframe; therefore, a lab was constructed to find the effects of copper sulfate in a Daphnia’s system. Before beginning, the hypothesis was gathered: if the concentrations of copper sulfate in the water are high, then the Daphnia would be afflicted with symptoms associated with physical decline. Daphnia, known as water fleas, are small crustaceans who get their common name from their jerky movements. The organisms reside within lakes and ponds often in limestone-based areas found all over the world. Daphnia consume algae, specifically the free-living green type, yeasts, and bacteria; therefore,

The additional species, Daphnia Pulex are a derivative from Daphnia Magna, which can be in located rain filled tire ruts and any stable body of water. These daphnia are established in fresh water and maintain the highest concentrations of daphnia compared to other species can be found in lakes and ponds. Daphnia magna is a water flea dependent on environmental conditions to breed and survive. Conditions such as temperature, salinity and oxygen levels can be detrimental to the lifespan of these organisms (Elenbaas, 2013. Within their existing environment daphnia consume algae, bacteria and detritus; it is this continual uptake of these organisms, which maintains the food chains integrity. Daphnia also host a number of bacteria, fungi, nematodes,

Daphnia, or water fleas (named after the jerky, jumping way in which they move), are tiny planktonic crustaceans measuring around 1mm in length. They live in freshwater lakes and ponds, filter feeding on green algae, bacteria, yeast and phytoplankton, before being the prey of small fish such as sticklebacks and minnows. As a primary consumer, Daphnia provide an important link in the human food chain; increasingly larger fish such as salmon are dependant on their numbers. In terms of their nutritional values, adult Daphnia have a protein content of approximately 50% dry mass and a fat content of 20-27%. (Clare) (Background information on Daphnia)

My hypothesis was, as the concentration of alcohol increases the lower the heartbeat of the Daphnia will fall. To test my prediction I carried out 25 individual experiments which were all carried out using the same procedure but varying the alcohol concentration of the solution. To investigate how alcohol concentration affects the heartbeat of Daphnia I recorded the heartbeat of 25 Daphnia for a period of 7 minutes. This included 1 minute before submersion in alcohol, 3 minutes during submersion in alcohol and 3 minutes after submersion in alcohol. I then found the percentage decrease of the heartbeat of the Daphnia from the resting heart rate.

This experiment is being performed to show the effect of pH levels on daphnia by changing pH levels and measuring the heart rate.

In an article by R.G. Frey he claims, “If animals are not members of the moral community, then it is acceptable, using them in invasive research and inflicting pain and suffering upon them, is of little moral concern. If the lives of animals have no value, then the destruction of those lives in the course of research cannot be of great moment.” He also stated that animals are property, so therefore, humans can do whatever they please to them.

Animals have had a role in scientific research since the advent of modern medicine in early Greece around the year 300 BC (Hajar, M.D.). However, in recent years, a growth in attention and funding has led to an increase in the number of animals bred and raised for the sole purpose of use in testing. With this increase has come the division in opinion of whether or not scientists should continue their use of mammals and amphibians in their research or abandon such a practice for newer, potentially more accurate methods, such as free-standing human tissue cells (Ferdowsian). Regardless of one’s personal stance, it is hard to ignore the benefits animal testing has had on humanity. Testing cosmetics and medicine on mammals, for example, can filter out products which might yield a harmful result in humans. The utilitarian viewpoint cites benefits such as this. Animal Ethics, a nonprofit seeking to evaluate both sides of the ethics argument surrounding a host of animal issues justifies the utilitarian idea that “...the use of nonhuman animals can be acceptable only if the happiness their exploitation causes is greater than the harm it causes” (Animal Ethics). The opposing side, those who believe in inherent value, claim that animals should be given equal moral consideration as humans would, based on their capacity to suffer (Foëx). Both views hold merit, though as the cosmetic and medical technology industries grow, we as a nation must confront the issue of whether or not animals