Daphnia Lab Essay

Within vertebrates, heart rate is established by the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart. This is achieved through a series of action potentials which drives excitation of cardiac muscles and establishes a rhythmic pace (Fritz et al., 2011). However, there are numerous factors that can affect the SA nodes impact on heart rate, which are primarily related to the autonomic nervous system.

Materials: The materials used in this experiment would be a microscope to view the Daphnia’s heart rate and behavior throughout the experiment, laundry detergent to put into the Daphnia’s water, a timer to time its BPM, and a counter to count the amount of heartbeats per 6 seconds.

I accepted my hypothesis as both the tables of my results and the bar graph of my results showed alcohol and caffeine both had effects on the heartrate of my test Daphnia magna. The overall effect of alcohol and caffeine was, as expected, to decrease or increase respectively, the heartrate of the daphnia. It is important that the effects of alcohol and caffeine on humans are known because their use is so widespread and was used as a template in creating my hypothesis.

The purpose of this experiment was to identify how open and closed circulatory systems respond to chemical stimulants. During this experiment a ghost shrimp represented the open circulatory system, while the black worm represented the closed circulatory system. For each organism there resting heart rates were recorded by count the number of pulsations the organism had under a microscope. First, the shrimp and the worm were treated with caffeine, and then their heart rate was recorded after the organisms were exposed to the treatment for three minutes. The organisms were removed from the caffeine, and were given time to return back to their resting heart rates. The shrimp and the worm were then exposed to ethanol, and there hear rates were recorded again.

To investigate the effect of the duration of a jog on an individual’s heart rate.

Vagal stimulation is known to have an inhibitory effect on the cardiovascular system, causing the slowing or even stopping of the heart. The response is mediated by muscarinic receptors that activate potassium channels in the supraventricular cells of the heart. In the sinoatrial node, activation of potassium efflux causes hyperpolarization and/or decreases the rate of diastolic depolarization (Oliveira et. al., 2010). Vagal stimulation causes a fall in blood pressure and heart rate. When the heart is stimulated at a frequency which is close to but not equal to the prevailing cardiac frequency, then each successive

The cardiovascular system is the body’s way of circulating blood and the essential biomolecules that make living possible. Blood is pumped throughout the body by the heart, the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein and distributes it using the various arteries and capillaries (Farley et al.). A main constituent for the cardiovascular system and a heavily relied upon factor for measuring the heart’s work is heart rate. Heart rate is a numerical value that quantifies the number of times the heart contracts which means opening and closing the valves that are responsible for the blood movement (Mariaconsuelo et al.). Contractions in terms of heart rate are referred to as “beats” thus the numerical value is beats per minute (BPM). Heart rate can be affected by numerous factors such as physical stress, chemicals introduced into the bloodstream through the environment, as well as naturally produced chemical compounds produced by the body in response to a need. To determine what exactly happens inside the body when these numerous factors come into play we set up various experiments that will give us a measurable outcome.

1. Sympathetic circulatory organs on cardiac activity with excitement, can speed up the heart rate and speed up heart rate.

The focus of this essay is on targets and receptors in the treatment of conditions of the cardiovascular system. In the heart we have Adrenergic receptors. These are a type of g protein couple receptors that are targets of the catecholamines .Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal glands the main ones being Dopamine, Epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine .The types of adrenergic receptors are alpha,beta 1 and beta 2.Alpha receptors are located on the arteries. When they are stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine , the arteries constrict. This has the effect of increasing blood pressure and the blood flow returning to the heart.

Determine who is the subject the person exercising and the experimenters and the person taking and recording the data the experimenters will take the subject standing heart rate temperature and breathing rate as well as make observation on the subject color and perspiration heart rate are obtained by taking the radial pulse or carotid pulse for 10 seconds convert all your heart rate to beats per minute by multiplying by 6 and record

In order to understand the context behind Heart Rate certain textual background must be informed for the individual performing the experiment to perceive. An important key word is to know what Blood pressure is and how it is used. To start off, Blood Pressure is the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system or the movement of blood through the vessels in your body, the veins, and arteries. It measures for any diagnosis of abnormal heartbeats. It is also good to know that the heart alternately contracts and relaxes, the on and off flow of blood into the arteries causes the blood pressure to rise and fall during each beat, and is known as systolic and diastolic pressure when using a Sphygmomanometer. The Systolic Pressure indicates the

Other substances such as acetylcholine is released to decrease the rate at which a heart beats (Biopac systems Inc., 2014). Other substances such as epinephrine are used to increase the heart rate drastically if the organism is frightened making it more aware and active. Caffeine also increases heart rates as it stimulates the central nervous system (Biopac systems Inc., 2014).

The purpose of this experiment was to ascertain the effect of intense exercise on heart rate. Heart rate is the number of times the heart contracts in one minute, meaning that an increase in heart rate will allow the heart to pump more blood to the tissues that require the oxygen carried by the blood. Heart rate can be measured by placing the fingers on either the carotid artery in the neck or the radial artery in the wrist. A resting heart rate below sixty beats per minute is lower than normal, and one above one hundred beats per minute is higher than normal. A high resting heart rate can indicate that the heart is not healthy and strong and requires more contractions to move the same amount of blood as a normal heart would with less effort (Bargar). Heart rate can be affected by a variety of factors; exercise, anxiety, and strong emotions usually increase heart rate, and sleeping generally causes heart rate to decline. This

The purpose of this lab is to test the effect of exercise on heart rate. Each participant will take their pulse at the neck for 10 seconds, and multiply it by 6. Each participant will run around the building once. Immediately after running, the timer will start for 3 minutes until running is done again, and each participant

The experiment consisted of eight participants; four smokers that consisted of two males and two females and four non-smokers (the group members conducting the experiment) that consisted of two females and two males. Once the participants and the materials were gathered, the smokers were asked to take their resting heart rate for one minute and record the results. After the heart rate was taken for their resting heart rate, they were instructed to smoke a cigarette and directly following smoking, their heart rate was measured for a minute and recorded. Five minutes has passed and the smoker was instructed to take their heart rate for one minute and record the results. Lastly, ten minutes had passed so the smokers was instructed to measure their heart rate for 1 minute and record the results. Each smoker had their resting heart rate, heart rate directly following smoking, heart rate five minutes after smoking and heart rate ten minutes after smoking recorded. The non-smoker group was asked to measure their resting heart rate for 1 minute and record the results. After recording the heart rate for all of the participants the data was then entered and analyzed.