Daphnia Lab Report

We Placed 1 drop of a 1% caffeine solution on the Daphnia. After waiting for a few seconds we began to count the heart beats and recorded the results on our data sheet.

The experiment was carried out to determine how black tea and green tea defense mechanisms compounds affected daphnia magna heart rate. Daphnia magna is a crustacean which inhabits in freshwater bodies. The objective of this experiment is to determine the effects of defensive compounds produced by green and black tea on Daphnia heart rate. The heart rate per minute was determined manually using a light microscope. The specimen was immobilized in water and one drop of spring water, black tea, and green tea were added. After an experiment, the results confirmed that black and green tea contained caffeine which is a central nervous system stimulant. It

In this lab I did an experiment to see the effect of Ethanol on Daphnia. The purpose of this lab was to see is there effect of Ethanol on Daphnia’s heart rate. I used Daphnia for this experiment because it a transparent crustaceans meaning we see its heart and other stuffs from outside. In the experiment first, I measured the number of heartbeats of Daphnia without any treatment for 10 seconds. I measured the heartbeats for three times for no treatment, the average heart rate was 22. Seconds I putted 15% of Ethanol on Daphnia and waited for 30 seconds then I measured the number of heartbeats of Daphnia for 10 seconds. I measured the heartbeats for three times and the average of heart rate was 15. At last I found out that Ethanol does affect

The materials used to preform the lab include; living Daphnia, water, 3 pieces of thread, slide and cover slides, microscope, alcohol substance. The pieces of thread will be used to keep the Daphnia in place on the slide under the microscope. Placing the Daphnia under the microscope we were able to see the heart located on the upper part of the Daphnia. With the transparent structure of the Daphnia. We are able to visually see the solution affecting the heart beats. Before applying the solution we took the three readings of the normal Daphnia heart rate for 15 seconds and multiply the number by 4 to collect the number of 1 minute. After we applied the same method observing the heart beat affected by the solution and recorded the heart beats

Their bodies are encased by an uncalcified shell, carapace, and they can reach lengths of 5mm with a kidney bean shape (Ebert, 2005). The Daphnia magna live in mostly freshwater environments, but can live in certain brackish water areas. In comparing males and females the males have smaller body sizes, larger antennas a modified post-abdomen (Ebert, 2005). The Daphnia magna are good test subjects to assess the effects of the plant defense compounds of caffeine and Kava-kava, as they are easy to care for, inexpensive, and the effects of the compound are easily noted through looking at the heart rate of the organism under a microscope. This experiment required the use of a two-tailed t-test to determine whether there was a difference in heart of the Daphnia magna before and after the plant defensive compounds (caffeine and Kava-kava) were introduced. This test also helps to see if the difference in the test is statistically significant, which determines if the results obtained occurred by chance. A t-value is obtained to get the probability value and as the t-value increases it “signifies a larger meaningful difference between the two groups” (Blanar, 2017) and as it decreases the opposite happens. If a t-value is smaller than the t-critical value the null hypothesis is accepted, but if the obtained t-value is larger than the t-critical value the null hypothesis is rejected. A p-value is also important for this experiment, as it is the probability the null hypothesis is correct. The null hypothesis for this experiment was that there was no difference in the Daphnia magna heart rate after the plant defense compounds (caffeine and Kava-kava) were added compared to before, while the alternative hypothesis generated was that there is a difference in the Daphnia magna heart rate after the plant defense compounds (caffeine and Kava-kava) were added compared

Daphnia are minute crustaceans and they live in fresh and salt water all around the world (these daphnia’s will be sourced from fresh-water). Daphnia’s are arthropods, which means they belong to the family, which includes crustaceans and insects. They usually reach a maximum of 0.5 millimeters. Although daphnia’s are very small, they are vital to the cleanliness of their environment, as they filter the water by consuming bacteria. Scientists often use daphnia’s in experiments to gain more information of the human circulatory and nervous system. As daphnia are located in fresh water, there is a real risk of fertiliser leaking from households into creeks and rivers. This task will prove the danger of this for wildlife and the effect it has

We tape the container with black tape and left some space that light can pass through the container.

The purpose of this lab is to understand how to measure the heart rate and blood pressure of an individual by the appropriate method. It is important to know how to take these measurements accurately in the healthcare or fitness professions. In this lab, the heart rate was measured by a stethoscope over the chest, and with the middle and index fingers for the carotid and radial arteries. For blood pressure, a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope were used to identify the Korotkoff sounds that indicate the systolic and diastolic pressures. Risk factors such as heart disease and high blood pressure can be discovered through the

Next the subject was informed to sit for five minutes to allow his body to come to a resting point. The subject was sitting upright with their upper arm positioned so it was level with their heart and feet flat on the floor. Using two fingers the subjects brachial artery was located and the sphygmomanometer was positioned so the cuffs artery marker pointed to the brachial artery. Next the sphygmomanometer was wrapped tightly around the arm. On the same arm that the sphygmomanometer placed, the arm was palpated at the crease of the arm to locate the strongest pulse and the bell of the stethoscope was placed over the brachial artery at this location.

Before we started the lab experiment, we had to grab a few equipment such as one stethoscope, so we could actually hear the participant's heart rate, at least four to six alcohol prep pads to cleaning the earpieces of the stethoscope, one blood pressure cuff, one heart rate monitor chest strap, and one heart rate monitor watch. After we gather all the equipment that we needed, the participant had to position the heart rate monitor straps around his or her chest while having it in direct contact with their skin. Then, the participant had to position themselves on the cycling or the treadmill walking for about 3-5 minutes due to the measurements. Both participants were required to measure and record 4 HR measurements for each other. The first

(2)Then place the slides into a petri dish and cover the slides with 3 ml of the control(water). The Daphnia heartbeat will be timed for 30 seconds in the control(water).

The stop watch had been set off for 1 minute while the individual was in the proceses of jogging. The final reading for beats per minute was then recorded in results table.

In this test a device that you wear records your heartbeat for 1 to 2 days.

During the test the patient is asked to remain still, shivering could distort the reading therefore you are to be warm while the test is in progress. The patient is able to breathe normally. The test shows a line tracing with spikes and valleys on a piece of paper. Those spikes and valleys are called waves. The creation of the waves are made by the upper chambers and lower chambers. The upper chambers make the first wave referred to as the “P wave” and the lower chambers make the second wave, which is referred to as “QRS complex”. Following this wave is the “T wave”, the final wave. This wave is the electrical recovery or return to the resting state for the ventricles. This test measures how long it takes an electrical wave to pass through the heart. It also tests if the electrical activity is normal, or too slow, or possibly to fast. EKG’s can even help find the cause of certain symptoms of heart disease. Such as shortness of breath, dizziness and palpitations. They also can determine if the walls of the heart are too thick. It can test whether medications are causing side effects to the heart. People with pacemakers get EKGs done to test how well the devices is

Heart Rate and/or beats per minute evaluation: The participants were taken to a gym where they had access to a treadmill and dumbbell.  The procedure of the examination was explained to the participant before the exercise was performed. Prior to the performance of the exercise, we asked each individual if they had any medical concerns that needed to be cleared before participation. A resting heart rate was taken by placing two fingers on the participant 's wrist. Each thump that was felt was counted as one beat. A timer was set for 15 seconds. The amount of thumps felt after 15 seconds was then multiplied by four to obtain the total number of beats per minute. The individual then went to perform weight lifting for five minutes with the dumbbells. After five minutes have