Daphnia Magna Lab Report

​The data shows that when the temperature of the water surrounding the deep well slide containing the Daphnia magna increased, the heart rate of the Daphnia magna increased, and when the temperature of the water decreased, the heat rate of the Daphnia magna decreased as well. For example, when the water was at room temperature, 21° C, the average heart rate was 393.33 BPM. When the water temperature was increased to 30°C, the average heart rate increased to 510.66 BPM. When the water temperature was decreased to 10° C, the average heart rate in beats per minute decreased to 332 BPM, less than both the 21° C and 30° C results. The warmer the water temperature was, the higher the heart rate of the Daphnia magna.

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

The purpose of this lab was to make a substitutional alloy coating the penny in a gold color. The color of the penny depends on the Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution, and if heat was added or not. We took a copper penny and boiled it in a Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution. Then we took the penny out, rinsed it in water, and dried it off. Now the penny was silver. We then took the penny and waved it across a flame causing it to turn gold. Some errors that happened were getting Zinc in our water and over cooking the penny. These could be fixed by rinsing the Zinc off the penny in its solution before taking it out and not heating the penny for as long. A suggestion for improvement would be getting the flame at the lowest temperature possible.

After precisely conducting the experiment and tabulating the results, data for Paraquat toxicity upon P. vulgaris plants can be interpreted over several different parameters. The parameters by which Paraquat toxicity was examined within this experiment involve visual observations, x-ray diffraction, chlorophyll concentrations, protein concentrations, and lastly malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations on a per mg of protein basis. As stated before Paraquat is very widely used herbicide known to produce superoxide anions leading to chloroplast membrane damage and ultimately a variety of adverse effects upon the host organism, in this case P. vulgaris (Chia et al., 1982).

In this next stage we’re doing the Eutrophication Test, which is a test that finds the phosphate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen. After everybody did their test, we all gathered and compared our results. My group did the phosphate test and got 0 ppm, and the everybody got an average of phosphate of .l ppm. Then the average for nitrate was .9 ppm. Last the average we all calculated for dissolved oxygen was 9.8 ppm.

How should the unknown microscopic organisms be classified? The concept of the experiment was to conduct a systematic observation about the traits of unknown organisms, and classify them to the right group. Making detailed observations about the traits, made it possible to identify which cell the trait belonged to because different cells have different traits. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, and has one or more small vacuoles. Plant cells has a cell wall, rectangular (fixed shape), and has a chloroplasts. Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus to name a few.

For this lab 6 male Acheta domesticus were isolated in plastic containers, each was placed in a container that was 5 cm height and had 5.5 cm radius. Each of these containers was punctured with 10-15 minuscule holes for breathing on the lid and 5-8 holes on the sides. Inside of each container a damp paper towel was placed on the bottom and 2 pieces of food were placed on the paper towel. The Acheta domesticus were kept isolated in their personal containers for 7 days. At the end of these 7 days we split the 6 A. domesticus into 3 groups of 2. One of the two was marked with a paint pen, this marked male was the “intruder”. The remaining food was removed from the containers. The “intruder” is then placed into the container that holds the other

All humans have come into contact with some form of fungi at some point in their lives. Sometimes fungi produce large mushroom like structures, or sometimes they just appear as small wisps of hair. But with so many different forms and variations of fungi, sometimes they become hard to classify, and there is confusion as to whether it maybe a plant or bacteria. Buckholz et al (2016) state that the fungal kingdom deserves to be neither a prokaryote not a plant. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that contain a membrane bound nucleus. They are also heterotrophic and consume their carbon. The main difference between animals and fungi is that fungi perform their digestion externally (Buckholz et al. 2016). This leads to the importance of fungi: decomposing. Fungi maintain crucial processes in terrestrial ecosystems as decomposers of dead plant tissues and mutualistic partners of almost all terrestrial multicellular organisms (Heilmann-Clausen et al. 2015). Without fungi,

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium pathogen that needs a host in order to survive, which are usually humans (Donkor, 2013). The bacteria is the cause of diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and corneal ulcers. Some of the diseases S. pneumoniae causes are extremely harmful to humans and can even cause death in some cases (Mathos, Ferri, Figueiredo, Zangirolami, & Gonçalves, 2015). Humans, who already have a S. pneumoniae disease or have the bacteria simply in the upper part of the pharynx, transfers the bacteria through air particles, known as aerosols (Donkor, 2013; Lawrence, S. L. et al., 2015). In well populated areas or places, like schools, colleges, workplaces, S. pneumoniae is able to infect many humans

Data were collected in September and November 2017 at the Elk Valley Preserve and Field Station in Banner Elk, NC. The preserve is located at 36°10'17.2"N 81°54'45.9"W, in Avery County in western North Carolina. The area is a mixed deciduous forest at an altitude of 1,127 m above sea level. Data were collected in early fall, during which temperatures average around 10-18 degrees Celsius. Summers in Banner Elk are typically mild, with temperatures averaging 21 degrees Celsius, and winters are cold and snowy, averaging near zero degrees Celsius. During the months of September and November there is an overall average precipitation of 12-25cm.

The hypothesis was not supported by the data. When given 2g of cucumber, white potato, and carrot slices, the mealworms did not favor eating a cucumber in comparison to the other vegetables regardless of the higher content of water. While analyzing the data, it was found that the standard error bars of the cucumber data went from 1.85g to 1.89g and the white potato data went from 1.86g to 2.14g which meant that the true means of both of them overlap making that comparison and data statistically insignificant. Also, the white potato data’s true mean ranged from 1.86g to 2.14g and the carrot data’s true mean ranged from 1.91g to 2.03g, making that comparison also statistically insignificant. However, one thing that

Preliminary work was preformed by Nathan Cox in the Boyce Lab to examine the functional significance of O-GlcNAcylation in the COPII pathway. Perturbation of O-GlcNAcylation through Thiamet-G, an OGA inhibitor, was assessed using a well-established VSV-G eGFP reporter assay Citations. The trafficking of a temperature-sensitive VSV-G eGFP mutant that is transported by COPII from the ER to the Golgi at the permissive temperature can be evaluated by the development of characteristic juxanuclear punctate fluorescence (Golgi) from diffuse/reticular fluorescence (ER) over time. Treatment with Thiamet-G slowed Golgi accumulation of VSV-G eGFP, indicating that OGA activity is required for normal COPII trafficking (Figure 1).

Figure 6 Compares the number of planaria that reproduced out of ten on a daily basis, ten from cut one and ten from cut two. Illustrated is the transverse fission of planaria over an eight day span. During the process of fissioning the planaria’s regenerating ability is slowed down in order to reproduce. The null hypothesizes for this experiment was that section one fragments would take the same amount of time to regenerate as the section two fragments.

In the second experiment in which I used acid and base an my experimental factors. Using the C1V1=C2V2 formula, to measure the different concentrations of the base and acid. Through the calculations that I did, I was able to find three concentration of each the acid and the base. A 1mL , 10mL and 100mL acid concentration and the same concentration for the base. In addition, using this different concentrations, I repeated the procedure I did in the first experiment for each mL of concentration that I measured. Pay attention to the daphnia when it is on the glass slide. One should check it every one minute to make sure that the daphnia is still alive. This is different from the ethanol and caffeine experiment in which I checked how each daphnia

The experiment exams the biotic potential and environment resistance of two species, Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia, and compares their growth in the same medium. Paramecium aurelia grows better than Paramecium caudatum. The growth of Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia in one medium is shows that the growth curve of Paramecium aurelia is J-shaped and Paramecium caudatum has a tendency to the elimination. When they grow in different media, the growth curves are S-shape which indicate the logistic population growth. Biotic potential, and environment resistance will affect the population growth. The source of error is temperature.