Dareta And Yargalama

The lead in the environment is formed naturally in the earth’s crust mainly as Lead Sulphide. The main exposure channels of lead entering the environment through atmospheric lead is predominantly from automobile emissions. Other lead exposure routes include lead-acid batteries, paint chips, fertilizers, utilized ammunition, pesticides, and other industrial byproducts. The means of conveying lead from key emission sources is mainly through the air. Concerning the sources of lead in drinking water, normally lead reaches into the residents’ water after it is channeled from their water treatment plant or the wells. To be more precise, the source of lead in people’s water supply largely emanates from their households’ pipes or lead solder from plumbing. The most typical cause of the lead formation is from the corrosion reaction by the lead pipes or solders and the water. The acidity as a result of the low pH, dissolved oxygen, and little mineral contents in the water are main reasons of the corrosion. The lead amounts in the water become high if the water spends a long duration of time stagnated inside the old pipes.

(Campbell, 2016). Two giants in childhood lead poisoning research and advocacy, Dr. Philip Landrigan and Dr. David Bellinger, summarize the adverse effects of lead very completely, yet succinctly: “Lead is a devastating poison. It damages children’s brains, erodes intelligence, diminishes creativity and the ability to weigh consequences and make good decisions, impairs language skills, shortens attention span, and predisposes to hyperactive and aggressive behavior. Lead exposure in early childhood is linked to later increased risk for dyslexia and school failure.”(p. 3).

The lead effects in the drinking water have caused a massive public health crisis (“Scientific Opinion on the risks”, 2015). The whole crisis was as a result of poor management practices employed in the Flint water plant. The city decided to switch the

Similarly, in the article, The Need for Vigilance: the Persistence of Lead Poisoning in Children published in Pediatrics, a peer-review journal, the authors write the article with the intent of reiterating the need for medical professionals to remain vigilant with the accurate treatment of lead poisoning. The article in Pediatrics is written by doctors for clinical professionals and is based upon a report of "a case of lead poisoning associated with ingestion of a toy necklace in a 4-year-old child" (Florin, T., Brent, R., &

Potential lead contamination from drinking water presents a significant health risk. Recent examples of this lead contamination include Flint, Michigan, a city that experienced a large increase in the number of people, especially children, who exhibited symptoms of lead poisoning. A March 9, 2016 article in the Washington Post reported data from the Environmental Protection Agency that indicated approximately 350 schools and day-care centers across the US failed lead tests approximately 470 times between 2012 and 2015. Seven years ago, according to the Post, a study concluded that hundreds of young children in Washington, DC, had potentially damaging amounts of lead in their blood due to contamination in the city’s tap water. The toxin can cause permanent developmental and behavioral issues.

In consuming the water, the children, as of 2015, are consuming 3 times the amount of lead compared to 2013 (source)

The issue that I will be focusing on for my paper will the high lead poisoning rates in L.A. county children. As a mother, I am always worried about angers my kids are exposed too. I know the lead problem in L.A. doesn’t get as much attention, as say, Flint, but it doesn’t mean the problem does not exist. We also have

Thousands of residents have been exposed the the lead in the water. This has caused health defects such as hair loss, rashes, and also sickness. Certain areas contain more lead than others, those which hold poor and african american population. It makes you wonder if they were targeted even more. “Many of those advocates assert that environmental racism is a major reason black people in Louisiana's factory-laden “Cancer Valley” contract the disease at higher rates”, said (“John Eligon”).

What are some of the effects of the crisis? For any adult, lead poisoning can cause kidney problems, fatigue, lethargy, depression, and slower reaction time. However, adults require a higher level of lead in the blood to produce those effects. For pregnant women lead poisoning can can cause miscarriages and future health problems in a developing fetus. What about children? For children, lead poisoning affects the development of children's brains and nervous systems.

Children started loosing their hair or developing rashes on their bodies. According to Mark Peplow, lead “levels of around 400µg/l” (1 microgram per Liter or 1.0 × 10-6 kg per m3) were found in some residents’ tap water (Peplow 4). This, of course, prompted the intervention of the Virginia Tech research team. Peplow continues, “In September 2015, pediatrician Mona Hanna-Attisha of Michigan State University analysed [sic] the results of infant blood tests, and found that the proportion of children with elevated lead levels in Flint had doubled from 2% to 4.1% since the change in water supply. After a week of denials, the state admitted that her analysis was

St. Joseph, Missouri is a small town in Missouri that has been referenced to be named one of the three thousand cities that has a bigger problem with lead poisoning than Flint, Michigan. When children are exposed to lead poisoning it can have effects on their developmental delays, and other physical and mental impairments. In St. Joseph many of the older houses contained lead paint, windows, and plumbing. Of all of the children in St. Joseph one hundred and twenty or fifteen percent of the children that had been tested had extremely high levels of lead in their system. They have decided as a community it would be a great idea to get ready of all of the lead, they want to do this in and order that was safe for everyone and they would not

In the 1950’s and 1960’s, lead poisoning was found to be prevalent in the slums of the inner cities. These areas were referred to as the "lead belt" because these run down houses were havens for lead exposure. The flaking paint on walls, the chipping plaster ceilings, and the old furniture exposed these children to a real hazard. Pica was an important contributing factor and children, ages 1 to 3 were at the greatest risk. Siblings in these situations were often affected and recurrence was common because the lead paint was not removed. The prognosis for these children became worse with each recurrence (Chisholm, 1982).

Dealing with lead exposure from water sources begins at the intrapersonal level. Individual knowledge is a significant factor for exposure when it comes to lead levels in water. For example, the USA Today article, “Lead taints drinking water in hundreds of schools, day cares across USA,” describes how in many cases, parents are not informed of lead levels in drinking water in schools until weeks or months after school officials are made aware of the danger (Ungar, 2016). When parents are aware of a potential danger facing their child’s health, they can encourage their children to limit their exposure by not drinking from those water fountains. Similarly, if a parent is made aware of a risk of exposure in their home, they can choose to buy bottled water for cooking, drinking, and cleaning. However, without knowledge of the risk of lead exposure, individual behavior will not change to limit that exposure. When it comes to exposure in children especially, individual behavior is another important factor for exposure. The same article describes the case of one child whose exposure to lead through school water fountains was greater because he was an active child, ran around a lot at school, and therefore needed to drink more water while at school. As a consequence, the lead levels in his body were more than twice the average.

In the united states, Lead poisoning seems to be one of the most common and preventable environmental problem in children. When compared to the US borne children, Prevelance of this poisoing is 1.6%high in refugee kids.(2)

Test on the Mount Isa residents showed that almost 10% of the population has concerning levels of lead, approximately 2250 people. Fortunately, the lead levels in children were lower than in adults. However, the longer the children live in the town, the more lead they will have in their blood stream. This is a very bad thing, as high lead-blood levels can lead to seizures, hair loss, anaemia and a number of problems with your