Darius 1: King Of Persia

Darius the Great was a man who had great leadership, he was the first empire of a large kingdom a kingdom of 20 nation, kingdom of Rome. In the beginning Darius had an issue on figuring out how he will rule 20 nations without causing issues. So Darius came with a plan to outline a scripture of rules on the wall of peace and corruption but there was a flaw in his plan, the people spoke different languages in the nation. He then came up with making different way to rule them by images on the wall, it showed that Darius wants no war and that the people are happy to serve him. Commoners were not able to see this rule so he had put the rules on a huge wall for them to see as they passed by doing their duties, which was 200ft above the ground from

Darius I ,also known as Darius the Great, was the third king who reigned from 550-486 BCE during the Achaemenid Empire. While he lived, Darius held the empire at its peak, which stretched from the river Nile and parts of Northern Greece to the Indus River Valley. One of the most major events in Darius 's life was his expedition to discipline Athens and Eretria for their support in the Ionian Revolt. He made his empire larger by vanquishing Thrace and Macedon, and occupying Scythia. He also arranged his empire, by splitting it into provinces and placing governors to rule over it. Darius organized a new financial system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire. He further worked on establishment projects throughout the empire. Darius also formulated a codification of laws for Egypt. He order the carving of the cliff-face Behistun Inscription, an autobiography of great modern linguistic significance. Darius also started many massive architectural projects including magnificent palaces in Persepolis, and Susa.

This forced them to compete for any available resources that they needed and it had also caused conflicts between neighboring peoples and themselves. Military advancements were a result of these expansions and they also faced a need to govern the peoples around them. There were many difficulties that could not be managed because of these expansions such as economic, social, and environmental problems. The states and empires that expanded during this time period include the Persian Empires in Southwest Asia, The Qin and Han Empires in East Asia, The Mauryan and Gupta Empires in South Asia, parts of the Mediterranean region, empires in Mesoamerica, and the states and empires in Andean South America. In order to organize their subjects, the rulers of these states and empires created administrative institutions. These involved centralized governments and elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies. Military techniques over larger areas included diplomacy, or the skill of managing international relations, developing supply lines, and building fortifications, or defensive walls, and roads. The successes of many of these empires were dependent on their ability to trade and their economic integrations. Many cities, such as Athens in Greece, Constantine in present - day Turkey, and Rome in present - day Italy, served as a number of things that included trade, religious rituals, and political matters. Many of these empires heavily relied on slaves, peasant communities, and Family and household productions to keep the production of food going and to provide rewards for the loyalty of the people - mainly the elites. One of the main things that these empires had in common was their Patriarchal society, where the father or eldest son was the head of the family. This greatly affected the gender roles in these empires and had caused for women to have less rights than the men. Many of

Alexander the Great, he is one the most glorified and historically significant leaders within history. Unique, the one word that could be used to describe the details and importance of his life. Unlike his predecessors that came before him, what sets him apart has to be how he rose to power and how he used that power. And even though he only lived until the age of 33, he accomplished what those that came before him failed to do so. The topics to be discussed are how he rose to power and what he managed to accomplish through military strategies and his cultural influence on the Persian Empire.

The Achaemenid Empire, which arose in 550 B.C.E. and declined in 330 B.C.E., is considered the first Persian Empire. This empire expanded its rule across Asia, Africa and Europe unifying tribes and cultures by establishing networks of complex roads. The Achaemenid dynasty had fourteen rulers. There were two major influential emperors, Cyrus II the Great and Darius I the Great, who left a large impact on the empire and other empires to come. The demise of the Achaemenid Empire is due to the rise of Alexander of Macedon, also known as Alexander the Great, and his victorious battles against the Achaemenid forces.

The primary reason Alexander was victorious in his battle against Darius was his use of resources. Alexander used the minimum amount of resources to achieve his goal of victory on the battlefield. Alexander was able to keep close communications with his entire army to relay important information about the attack. Equifinality is the principle that a goal can be achieved from multiple approaches (Graham & Weingart, 2015). Alexander knew he could not win the battle with a direct head on approach so adapted a unique approach to overcome Darius’ massive numbers. Alexander knew that his vision was to beat Darius in battle. A clear vision is important to define future threats (Ozdem, 2011). With a clear vision, and communication, Alexander was able to defeat Darius in battle. Even though Alexander was outnumbered at least 4-to-1 by Darius’s army. Alexander chose to use his men sparingly and retained resources until later in the battle to ensure they were fresh and could take advantage to the tiring troops of Darius.

The beginning of the Persian Empire is accredited to the wise guidance of a man known as Cyrus the Great. Cyrus was a bright and influential Persian king whose approach for expanding the Persian Empire was to conquer nearing lands with the goal of uniting them into one vast empire. With his dexterous guidance and a solid military, Cyrus succeeded in fashioning a massive empire that lasted for more than two hundred years. The strong roots and influences brought to the Persian Empire by Cyrus gave the emperors after him much power, like Darius I, who continued to enlarge the Empire. In the year 550 Cyrus the Great took power over the land of Media. As he began to create a strong government he elected both Median and Persian nobles as civilian officials. After conquering Media’s people states throughout Anatolia soon fell under his reign. He then even conquered lands in the area known as the Fertile Crescent. After this the Persian Empire was enormous. Cyrus implemented a rule of toleration toward all his conquered

The day Cyrus the Great established the Persian empire in the year 550 B.C.E, soon became a place where Greece and Rome were to be influenced by in certain circumstances. A civilization enriched of local customs and advanced iron technology, the Persians had developed an early monotheistic religion- Zoroastrianism. Conquered by a Greek educator, Alexander the Great, the Sassanid empire was brought up during Rome's imperial centuries. In 1700 B.C.E, the Greeks (who are Indo-Europeans) took over the Greek peninsula. From then on, the increase of civilization began to grow during 800- 600 B.C.E all due to strong city-states; turning out to be very advantageous to the Greeks because each had their own government and their geography didn't quite

However, the most important reason as to why they were significant is due to the fact they invented the alphabet. The alphabet really changed things with trade as they were able to communicate better. Darius - Darius was the replacement king after King Cyrus died during a battle for the Persian empire. He was well known for the fact that he conquered people of different cultures and let them keep following their own cultures under his rule. All he wanted in return was loyalty and tributes.

Cyrus was mortally wounded, which resulted in him unable to get to Egypt. Egypt at that time was the largest and wealthiest state outside his control. Even though Cyrus did not live, his son Cambyses gained control of Egypt while obtaining its wealth. Darius ruled after Cambyses and was one of the greatest Achaemenids. Darius centralized his administration and built a capital with much magnificence at Persepolis. Later, Persepolis served as the nerve center of the Persian Empire. Darius divided his territory into twenty-three administrative and taxation districts or satrapies. The political stability of The Persian society made it possible for public projects. They were able to increase agricultural production by constructing underground canals or qanat. The Achaemenids had a difficult time with the Greeks. Alexander of Macedon conquered Persia with his military force having sophisticated tactics.

Nearly two centuries later, a new king arose whose goal was to conquer the world and specifically the Persian Empire. This was Alexander III of Macedonia. Due to his negligent actions and arrogant

Alexander the Great also known as the King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire is reflected as one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was embalmed for later conquerors such as Hannibal the Carthaginian, the Romans Pompey and Caesar, and Napoleon. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was son of Philip II, King of Macedonia, and Olympias, the princess of neighboring Epirus. He came famous at a young age of 12. It was at that time when he showed his skills to his father and many others when he tamed Bucephalus, who was an unruly horse that no one could ride.

Darius was the king of Persia from 521-486 B.C.E. Darius and his army took pushed their territory into the northwestern parts of India and by the late sixth century B.C.E., Darius occupied an empire that ran from the Indus River to the Aegean Sea, then in the north to Armenia all the way down to the Nile. Darius had achieved the largest empire that the world had yet seen. (pg 85)

Cambyses was by all accounts, crazy. He captured Greek cities in Asia Minor, Egypt, Heliopolis, Phoenicia, and Libya. He also controlled the seas from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf. He died and soon Darius became king. Darius was an outstanding leader. He developed his kingdom in ways that no other king could do. He expanded the kingdom to the point where it reached its zenith under him. He established many things to ensure that his empire was a well-oiled machine, such as introduce a standard currency and extended the empire’s fabulous network of roads and its communication system, which included a royal mail service, express messengers, and fire signals. He also started a taxation system to fund all of his ventures and projects. He extended his reign to Eastern Europe, Greece, and India. Darius also continued now the tradition of tolerance. “With each new conquest, however, the Achaemenid military engulfed additional units, including entire cavalries, phalanxes, and navies. By the time of Darius, the army was an amazingly diverse multinational force, commanded principally by Persians.” No longer did the Persian Empire consist of the

Throughout history, art has taken countless different forms, contained different themes, and evolved as different time periods passed. Art has the ability to capture aspects of life, religion, and past cultures that words are incapable of. Within all the diverse forms of art, there remain the fundamental elements and principles that exist in every piece of art that has ever been made. In the art piece I have chosen, “Family of Darius Before Alexander”, the artist Francesco Salvator Fontebasso utilizes these fundamental elements and principles to convey his message and emphasize the meaning behind his painting.